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He was born in 1730 in London, England, United Kingdom. He came of an artistic family and was associated from childhood with artists. His father, John Pine, a well-known engraver, was stout and jovial. His brother, Simon, was a successful miniature painter at Bath.
He was instructed by his father.
Pine early attained recognition in England as a painter of ability. He was always interested in the theatre, and his first paintings were of actors and actresses in well-known characters.
One of his earliest works was a painting of Thomas Lowe and Mrs. Chambers as Captain Macheath and Polly, engraved by McArdell. In 1760, to the first exhibition held in London by the Society for the Encouragement of Arts (now Royal Society of Arts), he contributed a full-length portrait of Mrs. Pritchard as Hermione and also a large painting, "The Surrender of Calais, " receiving for the latter a prize of one hundred guineas offered for the best historical work; he won the same prize again in 1763 by his painting, "Canute Rebuking His Courtiers. " In 1772, because of "an insult from the president, " he withdrew from the Society, and thereafter exhibited in the Royal Academy until 1784.
While in England Pine painted four portraits of Garrick, one of which is now in the National Portrait Gallery, London, and another in the New York Public Library.
Among his other well-known works from this period are a full-length portrait from memory of George II (at Audley End) and a full-length portrait of the Duke of Northumberland (at Middlesex Hospital). In 1782 he showed in London a series of paintings illustrating scenes from Shakespeare, which collection in whole or part he brought with him to America two years later and exhibited in the State House in Philadelphia - one of the earliest, if not the earliest, exhibition of paintings ever held in the United States.
At the Royal Academy, 1784, he exhibited portraits of Lord Amherst and the Duke of Norfolk, as well as a "Portrait of Lord Rodney in Action, aboard the Formidable, " which was later hung in the Town Hall at Kingston, Jamaica.
After the death of his brother Simon in 1772, Pine resided for five years in Bath, then returned to London. In 1784 he came to America, intending to produce a series of historical paintings illustrative of the Revolution. The exact time of his arrival is uncertain, but he was in Philadelphia in November. His portrait of Francis Hopkinson, the first he painted after reaching Pennsylvania, bears the date 1785. He spent several weeks at Mount Vernon in April and May of that year, painting portraits of Washington and members of his family.
Before he went to Mount Vernon he spent some time at Annapolis painting portraits of prominent men and women which he intended to use in his larger pictures. Pine died in Philadelphia from a stroke of apoplexy.
Robert Edge Pine was a popular artist, creator of historical compositions, including Lord Rodney Aboard the Formidable (Town Hall, Kingston, Jamaica). His paintings were popular and were engraved by such well-known engravers as J. McArdle, C. Watson, Valentine Green, Aliamet, Lomax and others. His painting portraits of Washington and members of his family - notably Fanny Bassett Washington and young George Washington Parke Custis - his most famous works. A portrait of Washington's mother, Mary Ball Washington, is also attributed to him.
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He is recalled as a small man of sensitive temperament and irritable disposition.
Quotes from others about the person
Washington, in a private letter, said: "Mr. Pine has met a favorable reception in this country, & may, I conceive, command as much business as he pleases".
He had a wife and two daughters.
