Education
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He studied at Ateneo de Manila University and he holds a post-graduate degree in International Studies from the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies.
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He studied at Ateneo de Manila University and he holds a post-graduate degree in International Studies from the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies.
He is the head of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Studies Centre at the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies in Singapore, and an Adjunct Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore. He is the author of four books: Southeast Asia in Search of an Association of Southeast Asian Nations Community (2006),Association of Southeast Asian Nations (2008), The Association of Southeast Asian Nations Regional Forum (2009) and Where in the World is the Philippines? (2010). He is also the co-editor of Whither the Philippines in the 21st Century? He previously held the following positions
Third, Second, and First Secretary, Philippine Embassy in Washington, District of Columbia (1967-1974)
Special Assistant to the Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Affairs (1974-1976)
Minister-Counsellor and Chargé d"Affaires, Philippine Embassy in Beijing (1976-1978)
Philippine Consul General, Houston, Texas (1979-1986)
Assistant Secretary for Asian and Pacific Affairs and Association of Southeast Asian Nations Senior Official of the Philippines(1986-1988)
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Malaysia (1989-1992)
Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs and Association of Southeast Asian Nations Senior Official of the Philippines (1992-1997)
Professor, Asian Institute of Management, Manila, the Philippines (2003-2004).
2002 - Commander of the Royal Order of Sahametrei, from King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia 2001 - Order of Sikatuna, rank of Rajah, from President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo of the Philippines, one of only two non-heads of state to receive the award in that rank 1997 - Order of Sikatuna, rank of Datu, from President Fidel V. Ramos of the Philippines.