Background
Rosa was born on February 19, 1890, in Kansas City, Kansas, United States; the daughter of George Ryland McKean and Emma (Behan) McKean.
Soldier Businesswoman civil rights advocate
Rosa was born on February 19, 1890, in Kansas City, Kansas, United States; the daughter of George Ryland McKean and Emma (Behan) McKean.
In 1906 Rosa graduated from high school in Natchez, Mississippi, United States.
Rosa supported herself most of her adult life, remaining in the labor force for nearly 70 years. In 1913 she began her working career as a cashier at South West Bell Telephone Company in Kansas and was later named acting manager. Cunningham was praised for her performance, but she was not asked to fill the position permanently because, she was told, women were not able to handle certain aspects of the job. When Cunningham moved to Des Moines, she worked as an office manager at D. J. Joint Stock Land Bank from 1922 to 1928, before taking a position as an investment broker with V. U. Sigler Investment Company.
In the mid-1920s, Rosa joined the newly formed Iowa Federation of Business and Professional Women, a chapter of the National Federation of Business and Professional Women. She served as president of the state chapter for the 1928–1929 term, chaired the state legislative committee during most of the 1930s, and held various national offices in the 1930s. The legislation was her focus because, Cunningham wrote in her report to the 1938 Iowa Business and Professional Women convention, “It is the culmination of all we try to do.” Cunningham first encountered the power of law in the 1920s, when the Iowa legislature considered a bill, similar to those already enacted in most states, to protect women workers. Among other provisions, the Iowa bill prohibited women from working past 5:00 p.m. Cunningham, who often worked past that hour, lobbied fiercely and successfully against the bill, telling legislators, “I’ve got to earn a living to support my child.” In 1937 the Business and Professional Women accepted the recommendation of its legislative committee, chaired by Cunningham, and endorsed the Equal Rights Amendment, becoming the first national women’s organization to do so.
In 1943 Rosa, at the age of 53, enlisted in the Women’s Army Corps and completed officer training at Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia. She had the unusual distinction of serving in the WAC while her son, William, later the Des Moines city treasurer, was serving in the navy. After she was discharged, Cunningham remained active in veterans’ affairs. From 1955 to 1986 she Rosa was employed at the Veteran’s Memorial Auditorium in Des Moines, where she kept Iowa’s veterans’ records and planned the annual Memorial and Veterans’ Day services. She was active in the American Legion and 1957 was elected commander of the Legion’s Argonne Post in Des Moines.
In 1978 Governor Robert Ray appointed Cunningham to serve on the Iowa Commission on the Status of Women. Rosa E. Cunningham died in Des Moines on Memorial Day in 1987 at the age of 97, one year after retiring from paid employment.
In the early 1970s, Cunningham enthusiastically joined the revived movement for women’s equality. She was a founding member of the Iowa Women’s Political Caucus, formed in 1973, where she served as parliamentarian, and, more important, as a mentor to a new generation of women intent on passing the ERA. Cunningham did not embrace the radical rhetoric and goals of the women’s movement, but she did advocate the ERA, which to her meant women’s right to work and be compensated on an equal basis with men, as ardently in 1977 as she had in 1937.
Cunningham’s volunteer activities spanned a wide range of civic organizations, including the Republican Party, the Young Women’s Christian Association, the Greater Des Moines Chamber of Commerce, the Mercy Otis chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, the League of Women Voters, the Iowa Federation of Women’s Clubs, and Campfire Girls.
In 1907 Rosa married Archibald Rutherford. The couple had one son, William, and later divorced. In 1918 Rosa married Missourian Edward Cunningham, who died in 1921, and Rosa, who remained single for the rest of her life, moved to Des Moines with her son.
