Background
Roswell Park was born on May 4, 1852 in Pomfret, Windham County, Connecticut, United States. He was the son of the Rev. Roswell Park. His mother was Mary Brewster Baldwin, a descendant of Elder Brewster of the Plymouth colony.
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Roswell Park was born on May 4, 1852 in Pomfret, Windham County, Connecticut, United States. He was the son of the Rev. Roswell Park. His mother was Mary Brewster Baldwin, a descendant of Elder Brewster of the Plymouth colony.
Roswell Park obtained his academic education in Connecticut and in Racine, Wisconsin, where he attended Racine College (founded by his father), receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1872, and that of Master of Arts in 1875. His medical course he pursued at Northwestern University (Doctor of Medecine, 1876).
In 1876 Roswell Park became demonstrator of anatomy in the Woman's Medical College, Chicago, serving as such until 1879, when he was appointed adjunct professor of anatomy in Northwestern Medical School. In 1882 he was lecturer on surgery at Rush Medical College, Chicago, and in 1883 he became professor of surgery in the School of Medicine of the University of Buffalo, which position he held until his death; he was also surgeon-in-chief at the Buffalo General Hospital. At a time when skilful operators were not common, Park was a great surgeon. His principal service, however, was in assimilating and then teaching and making popular new discoveries in pathology and bacteriology. The period between the years 1880 and 1890 was marked by amazingly rapid advances in these branches of science.
Practitioners in the United States were somewhat slow in understanding and applying the antiseptic technique of Lister for surgical operations, and Park played an important part in making it, and the later modifications of it, known, and in securing its adoption. He devoted himself especially to surgical pathology, in which he pursued studies both in America and Europe. From these studies various lectures and papers resulted, which had a wide influence in making surgeons realize the importance of pathology. In 1890 - 1891 he gave the Mütter lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Philadelphia. Later, he promulgated certain original views with regard to inflammation, that did not meet with general acceptance. In subsequent years he was greatly interested in tumors, wrote many papers on the subject, and was instrumental in having founded an institution for the study of malignant tumors, first known as the Gratwick Laboratory, which later became the New York State Institute for the Study of Malignant Diseases. He was one of the surgeons who attended President McKinley after the latter was shot at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo in 1901. Roswell Park died on February 15, 1914.
Roswell Park was remembered mostly as the founder of the world’s first cancer research institute, which is called the New York State Pathological Laboratory of the University of Buffalo (today’s Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center). He was a pioneer in neurosurgery and became one of the first American surgeons to successfully treat spina bifida, a serious birth defect. At a time when knowledge about the link between bacteria and infection was still very new, he waged an ongoing campaign urging phyicians to operate in a sterile environment.
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Roswell Park was president of the Medical Society of the State of New York and of the American Surgical Association (1900), and a member of various foreign societies.
In 1880 Roswell Park married Martha Prudence Durkee of Chicago. They had two sons.
