Freedom of Mind in Willing: Or Every Being That Wills a Creative First Cause (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Freedom of Mind in Willing: Or Every Being T...)
Excerpt from Freedom of Mind in Willing: Or Every Being That Wills a Creative First Cause
Page tions may prove that he is not pure and wise, but not that he is not fiee - The particular cases of moral inability stated by Edwards - Examination of those cases - All analogous to those of inability to will, because there is no want - In ability to will what we do not want to will is not against freedom - No reason to suppose that a previous bias or inclination will prevail over the present in the act of will - If it does, it is because the biased or inclined mind itself con trols the act of will - As in the case of nature of things, Edwards makes habit a power, or cause - No certainty and no necessity that habits will continue - Habits of a man influence his act of will only in case he wills freely - Man is said to be a slave to his habits; reasons why - The argument from moral necessity only proves that a man wills in conformity to what he wills, and natural necessity only implies that he cannot always execute what he Wills.
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Causation and Freedom in Willing: Together With Man a Creative First Cause, and Kindred Papers (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Causation and Freedom in Willing: Together W...)
Excerpt from Causation and Freedom in Willing: Together With Man a Creative First Cause, and Kindred Papers
Existence of Matter, and Our Notions of Infinite Space, were published as appendices to the Letters to Mill. The subject of Infinite Space was one which possessed great attraction for my grandfather.
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This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Rowland Gibson Hazard was an American businessman and politician. He was a co-owner of the Peace Dale Manufacturing Company, and also served as a member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives and as member of the state Senate.
Background
Rowland Gibson Hazard Hazard was born on October 9, 1801 in South Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States. He was the son of Rowland and Mary (Peace) Hazard, and a younger brother of Thomas Robinson Hazard. His father, who was also born in South Kingstown, was engaged in foreign commerce as a member of the Charleston, South Carolina, firm of Hazard & Robinson (afterward Hazard & Ayrault).
About the turn of the century his father went back to South Kingstown and took up his residence at Peacedale, a name chosen by him to commemorate the family in which he had found his wife, and which celebrated too the charm of the Kingstown countryside. In 1802 he began at Peacedale the woolen industry which successive generations of the Hazard family carried on in the same place.
Education
Hazard studied at the schools in Burlington, New Jersey; Bristol, Pennsylvania; and at the Friends' School at Westtown, Chester County, Pennsylvania.
Career
When Hazard was about eighteen he returned to South Kingstown, became associated with his elder brother Isaac Peace Hazard in the business at Peacedale, from which their father had now retired, and continued in it for nearly fifty years. In 1851, 1854, and 1880, he was a member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives, and in 1866 a member of the state Senate. While in the General Assembly he worked for the suppression of lotteries and for the prevention of bribery in elections.
His financial articles, written during the Civil War, gained for him a wide reputation. Some of them were collected and published as Our Resources (1864), which was republished in London, and several were translated into Dutch and published in Amsterdam. He performed notable service in Europe in the effort to sustain the national credit. In 1866 Hazard retired from the business at Peacedale.
Still possessed of the habit, or with the instinct born with him, of looking for general principles, and of applying the results of abstract thinking to practical ends, he engaged himself with problems of Reconstruction and other questions of the day. He helped to put the first railroad across the continent. As other demands lessened, he found time for study and writing, for travel, and for his philanthropies.
With his son Rowland Hazard he established the Hazard Professorship of Physics in Brown University. He was a trustee of Brown from 1869 to 1875, and a fellow from 1875 until his death in 1888.
Hazard also made a considerable publication, Language: Its Connexion with the Present Condition and Future Prospects of Man (1836), which possibly had its inception in discussions with his friend--and Poe's friend--Mrs. Sarah Helen Whitman, on the nature of poetry. The book attracted the attention of William Ellery Channing, who became intimate with him. Following the latter's death in 1842, Hazard wrote an Essay on the Philosophical Character of Channing, published in 1845.
At sometime prior to 1840, Channing suggested that Hazard should undertake a refutation of Jonathan Edwards on the Will. Hazard began to make notes and by 1843 had elaborated his main points only to lose all the material he had collected through a mishap to a Mississippi steamer on which he had taken passage to New Orleans. Fourteen years later he returned to the work and published it in 1864 under the title: Freedom of Mind in Willing; or Every Being That Wills a Creative First Cause. The book gained for Hazard the friendship of John Stuart Mill. In 1864, while in Europe, he sought out Mill. His Two Letters on Causation and Freedom in Willing, Addressed to John Stuart Mill (1869) were the result of his conversations and correspondence with the British philosopher.
He died in Peace Dale on June 24, 1888.
Achievements
Hazard went down in history as a prominent businessman, politician, and social reformer. He is best remembered for his prolific business career in textile manufacturing. He was also noted as a prominent Republican; he worked with Jacob Barker, a New Orleans lawyer, to obtain freedom for nearly 100 people being held as slaves. The action later led to charges being filed against several public officials who were responsible for the illegal detentions.
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Politics
Hazard was a Free-Soiler and later a Republican, a member of the Pittsburgh convention of 1856, of the convention in the same year that nominated Fremont, of the convention in 1860 that nominated Lincoln, and of the convention of 1868 that nominated Grant. He aided the free-school movement and was an advocate of temperance reform.
In 1854, while serving in the state legislature, he made a speech criticizing the Stonington Railroad Company for charging discriminatory rates for both freight and passengers. Shortly thereafter, the railroad company retaliated by refusing to let Hazard ride on one of its trains. Resolutions passed by the South Kingstown Town Council in reaction to his treatment are said to have formed "the germ of" the Interstate Commerce Law of 1886.
Hazard was also engaged in anti-slavery activity--the activity that he considered as "the greatest effort of his life. "
In 1854 he made a speech criticizing the Stonington Railroad Company for charging discriminatory rates for both freight and passengers.
Personality
As a youth, Hazard had a certain precocity in mathematics. Before leaving school he discovered, it is said, an original and simple method of describing the hyperbola. In his maturer years his underlying interests were philosophical. When on his business trips, while traveling on packets and stagecoaches, on boats and trains, he made notes for later books.
Quotes from others about the person
"I wish you had nothing to do but philosophize, for though I often do not agree with you, I see in everything you write a well-marked natural capacity for philosophy. " - John Stuart Mill
Connections
He married Caroline Newbold, the daughter of John Newbold of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, on September 25, 1828. Their two sons, Rowland and John Newbold Hazard, were the third consecutive generation of Hazards to carry on the manufacture of woolen goods at Peacedale.
