Career
In 1893 he obtained his doctorate at the University of Prague. Following studies at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, he settled in Vienna in 1895 as an assistant to Richard Paltauf (1858-1924) at the serotherapeutic institute. In 1901 he became a privat-docent for general and experimental pathology, followed by a promotion as associate professor in 1906.
In 1908 he traveled to Saint St. Petersburg, where he conducted investigations of an epidemic of cholera.
Shortly before the outbreak of World War I, he moved to South America. In 1921 he was appointed director of the institute of bacteriology in Buenos Aires, and after a period of time in Sao Paulo, he returned to Vienna in 1924 as head of the serotherapeutic institute.
In 1929 he was named director of the Istituto bacteriologico de Chile in Santiago.