Education
1912 graduate Military Med Academy.
Career
In World War 1 captured in Eastern Prussia. Returned to Russia after exchange of prisoners. 1917 member, Bukhara Oblast Soviet of Workers and Soldiers’ Deputy.
1918 fought against the Emir of Bukhara. 1919-1925 held a number of Party and government posts in Turkestani Republic (exec secretary, Central Committee, Communist Party Turkestan. Member, Centr Asian Bureau, Central Committee, All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), etc).
1926 Presidium member and deputy secretary.All-Russian Centr Executive Committee.