The Progressive Spelling-Book, in Two Parts; Containing a Great Variety of Useful Exercises in Spelling, Pronunciation, and Derivation..
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A Compendium Of The Principles Of Elocution: On The Basis Of Dr. Rush's Philosophy Of The Human Voice ...
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Samuel Rene Gummere was an American lawyer and diplomat, who served as the first minister of the United States to Morocco, as well as US Consul-General in Tangier, Morocco.
Background
Samuel Rene Gummere was born in Trenton, New Jersey, United States on February 19, 1849, the son of Barker and Elizabeth (Stryker) Gummere. He was fifth in line of descent from Johann Gummere (Gomere), a Huguenot who emigrated from French Flanders to Pennsylvania early in the eighteenth century and founded a family which produced a number of well-known educators.
Education
Samuel was sent by his father, an eminent lawyer, to Trenton Academy, Lawrenceville School, and Princeton, where he graduated in 1870.
Career
After studying law in his father’s office, Samuel Rene Gummere was admitted to the bar as attorney in 1873 and as counselor three years later.
Though a faithful and able student of the law, he never practised in court, but confined himself to office work. He traveled extensively in Europe and from 1881 to 1884 was secretary to the American minister at The Hague.
Frequently a guest of Ion H. Perdicaris, a wealthy American resident at Tangiers in Morocco, he joined the latter in visiting the secretary of state to protest against the practice of issuing certificates of American citizenship as carried on profitably but illegally by the United States consulate at Tangiers. As a result, in 1898 Gummere was appointed consul-general for Morocco.
In May 1904 his friend Perdicaris was kidnapped by the half-bandit, half-patriot Riffian chief, Raisuli, who asked for a ransom of $70, 000. Gummere held the weak Moroccan government responsible for the prisoner’s release, and Raisuli then demanded political concessions from the government, in addition to the ransom.
After a month of negotiation he felt “further delay undignified, humiliating, and futile. ”
An ultimatum, backed by a naval squadron, a threat to land marines, and Secretary of State John Hay’s dispatch requiring “Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead”, forced the Moroccan sultan to accept Raisuli’s terms and the American was freed. Gummere was officially commended by Hay for his vigorous handling of the incident and in the following year, March 8, 1905, was rewarded by appointment as the first minister of the United States to Morocco.
In 1906 he was one of the American representatives in the conference which met at Algeciras to settle European differences regarding Morocco, and his wide knowledge of the local situation was invaluable to the other commissioners.
Resigning his diplomatic post in 1909, he took up his residence at Wimbledon in England.
After engaging actively during the World War in work among the wounded in both England and France, he died at his Wimbledon home.