The Reformed Common Wealth Of Bees: Presented In Several Letters And Observations To Sammuel Hartlib, With The Reformed Virginian Silk Worm (1655)
(This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of th...)
This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.
Samuel Hartlib, his legacy of husbandry wherein are bequeathed to the common-wealth of England, not onely Braband and Flanders, but also many more ... and domestick experiments and secrets (1655)
(
EARLY HISTORY OF INDUSTRY & SCIENCE. Imagine holding hi...)
EARLY HISTORY OF INDUSTRY & SCIENCE. Imagine holding history in your hands. Now you can. Digitally preserved and previously accessible only through libraries as Early English Books Online, this rare material is now available in single print editions. Thousands of books written between 1475 and 1700 can be delivered to your doorstep in individual volumes of high quality historical reproductions. Acting as a kind of historical Wall Street, this collection of industry manuals and records explores the histories of thriving industries such as: construction, textile (especially wool and linen), salt, livestock, and many more.
++++
The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification:
++++
Samuel Hartlib, his legacy of husbandry wherein are bequeathed to the common-wealth of England, not onely Braband and Flanders, but also many more outlandish and domestick experiments and secrets
Hartlib, Samuel, d. 1662.
Edition statement: 3rd ed.
16, 303 p.
London : Printed by J.M. for Richard Wodnotche ...,
Wing / H991
English
Reproduction of the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery
++++
This book represents an authentic reproduction of the text as printed by the original publisher. While we have attempted to accurately maintain the integrity of the original work, there are sometimes problems with the original work or the micro-film from which the books were digitized. This can result in errors in reproduction. Possible imperfections include missing and blurred pages, poor pictures, markings and other reproduction issues beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving and promoting the world's literature.
The Reformed Commonwealth of Bees: Presented in Severall Letters and Observations to Sammuel Hartlib Esq.; With the Reformed Virginian Silk-Worm; ... for Attaining of National and Priv
(Excerpt from The Reformed Commonwealth of Bees: Presented...)
Excerpt from The Reformed Commonwealth of Bees: Presented in Severall Letters and Observations to Sammuel Hartlib Esq.; With the Reformed Virginian Silk-Worm; Containing Many Excellent and Choice Secrets, Experiments, and Discoveries for Attaining of National and Private Profits and Riches
Efrm'h: lktbfir3m who mm chm qui Almariz'fu lamp: baht quommé: quimk mi?ibxé panda unlit}: ed etiam 19c errant: no?r?m gbe'm Judie/i dice itemdtm'
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Samuel Hartlib was a German-British polymath. An active promoter and expert writer in many fields, he was interested in science, medicine, agriculture, politics, and education.
Background
Hartlib was born in Elbl�
g (Elbing), Poland, circa 1600. Hartlib’s father, a prominent merchant and dye manufacturer, was originally from Poznan, Poland; his mother was probably English.
He spent the year 1627-1628 in Elbing but returned to settle in England in 1628.
Education
He was educated at Brieg, Silesia, which he left about 1621 probably for Cambridge, where he seems to have remained until about 1626; he did not matriculate but, presumably, pursued some course of studies.
Career
Hartlib met the Scottish preacher John Dury in 1628; the same year Hartlib relocated to England, in the face of the prospect of being caught in a war zone, as Imperial armies moved into the western parts of Poland, and the chance of intervention by Sweden grew.
He first unsuccessfully established a school in line with his theories of education, in Chichester, and then lived in Duke's Place, London.
An early patron was John Williams, the bishop of Lincoln and hostile to William Laud.
Another supporter was John Pym; Pym would use Hartlib later, as a go-between with Dutch Calvinists in London, in an effort to dig up evidence against Laud.
It is Hugh Trevor-Roper's thesis, in his essay Three Foreigners (meaning Hartlib, Dury and the absent Comenius), that Hartlib and the others were the "philosophers" of the "country party" or anti-court grouping of the 1630s and early 1640s, who united in their support for these outside voices, if agreeing on little else.
From 1645 to 1659 he received various grants from Parliament for his public services; he was given money by various private benefactors, especially for his services to education; and he may have made money from the many books he “published” (that is, edited), although he never profited from the inventions he promoted. Initially, Hartlib devoted his efforts to the Protestant cause, especially to assisting Protestant refugees from Germany (in the midst of the Thirty Years’ War), and to educational reform.
In this and much else he shared the views and assisted in the work of John Dury, an ardent advocate of Protestant unity.
Finally and above all, it was to promote (as Hartlib longed to do) religion, education, and inventions, in a Baconian and Comenian spirit.
His interests were so wide as to be inchoate: John Evelyn, who described him as “Master of innumerable curiosities, & very communicative” (Diary, 27 November 1655), learned of German stoves and how to use their heat to perfume the air, and of copying inks and devices.
These were the cornerstones of Hartlib’s Invisible College—“that values no knowledge but as it hath a tendency to use, ” as Boyle described it.
Yet Hartlib was a not unimportant source of communication among scientists in the decades before the formation of scientific societies, and he was a useful postal and book-buying agent as well.
For his various labours, Hartlib received a pension of £100 from Oliver Cromwell, afterwards increased to £300, as he had spent all his fortune on his experiments. But Hartlib died in poverty: Samuel Pepys in 1660 noted that Hartlib's daughter Nan was fortunate to have found a rich husband, since she was penniless.
His association with Oliver Cromwell and the Commonwealth resulted in him being sidelined after Charles II's Restoration. He lost his pension, which had already fallen into arrears. Some of his correspondents went as far as to ask for their letters from his archive, fearing that they could be compromised.
(
EARLY HISTORY OF INDUSTRY & SCIENCE. Imagine holding hi...)
Views
His main aim in life was to further knowledge and so he kept in touch with a vast array of contacts, from high philosophers to gentleman farmers.
Quotations:
Hartlib set out with the universalist goal "to record all human knowledge and to make it universally available for the education of all mankind".
Personality
Hartlib is often described as an "intelligencer", and indeed has been called "the Great Intelligencer of Europe".
Connections
In 1629 he married Mary Burmingham, daughter of Philip Burmingham; she died about 1660. They had at least six children.
The eldest, Samuel, born about 1631, is fairly well known; of the daughters, Mary married an alchemist and adept, Frederick Clodius, and Nan married John Roth (or Roder) of Utrecht.