Background
Johnson was born on October 10, 1822, in Salem, Massachusetts, a descendant of Timothy Johnson who was living in Andover, Massachusetts, in 1674, and son of Doctor Samuel and Anna (Dodge) Johnson. His father was a prominent Salem physician, and Samuel grew up amid circumstances favorable to character and intellectual pursuits.
Education
At the age of sixteen Johnson was ready for college, and four years later, 1842, ranking fourth in his class, he graduated from Harvard. He entered the Harvard Divinity School, graduating in 1846, his course having been somewhat interrupted by the condition of his health, for the benefit of which in 1844 he made a trip to Europe.
Career
One of Johnson's classmates was Samuel Longfellow, and between the two a close and lasting friendship arose. The year their divinity course was completed they published A Book of Hymns for Public and Private Devotion, a Supplement to which appeared in 1848. Johnson began his ministry in the Unitarian church, Dorchester, Massachusetts, where his views on the social and political questions of the day proved unacceptable, and he remained for only about a year. After preaching for some time to a society of liberals in Lynn, in 1853 he became their minister, a free church was organized, and Oxford Street Chapel was built, of which he continued in charge until 1870.
He made his home at Salem until his father's death in 1876, after which he lived on an ancestral farm in North Andover. With Samuel Longfellow he visited Europe in 1860, remaining fifteen months, and during a portion of this time they worked on the compilation of Hymns of the Spirit, published in 1864. The hymns written by Johnson are of high excellence, some of the best known of which are "Father, in Thy mysterious presence kneeling, " "Life of Ages richly poured, " and "City of God, how broad, how far. "
As a preacher, lecturer, and writer he was an exponent of natural religion, "its intimations of God and duty and immortality. " Much of his life was given to an interpretation of Oriental religions, with a view to disclosing the unity of human experience and the development of the religious consciousness through the ages. The published results are to be found in three sizable works, Oriental Religions and Their Relation to Universal Religion, India (1872), China (1877), and Persia, left not quite completed at his death, and published in 1885 with an introduction by Octavius B. Frothingham. Selections from his manuscripts, Lectures, Essays, and Sermons, with a memoir by Samuel Longfellow, were published the year following Johnson's death, which occurred on February 19, 1882.
Religion
Although Unitarian in his associations, Johnson was too radical an individualist ever to affiliate himself with any denominational body; strongly antislavery, and ardently humanitarian in sentiment, he joined none of the reform societies of his day, lest there be some interference with the freedom of his soul.
Views
Philosophically, Johnson was a thorough-going Transcendentalist, friendly to science, and an evolutionist, but insistent that spiritual verities cannot be ascertained by scientific methods.
Personality
Johnson was a lover of nature, with an interest in geology, and long walks were his principal diversion. A mystic and poet, he was also a clear thinker and a patient student, enthusiastically devoted to discerning the truth behind appearances and bringing human life into harmony therewith.