Samuel Penhallow was an American merchant, judge, and historian.
Background
Samuel Penhallow was born on July 2, 1665 in St. Mabyn, County of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. He was the son of Chamond and Ann (Tamlyn) Penhallow. His father was friendly with the Rev. Charles Morton, an active dissenter, who removed to Newington-Green, near London, and founded a school for young men which soon became famous.
Education
Samuel Penhallow was sent to school at Newington Green (near London) conducted by the Rev. Charles Morton. Since Morton's educational methods and principles were not in harmony with those of the bishops, his school was closed in 1685 and he invited several of his pupils to follow him to America. Penhallow accepted the invitation and in July 1686 landed with his master at Charlestown, Massachussets. Samuel Penhallow was a sober, godly young man and a student of promise.
Career
Aware of Samuel Penhallow's intention to enter the ministry and preach the gospel to the Indians, the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts had promised him twenty pounds a year for three years in order that he might study the language of the Narragansetts, and sixty pounds thereafter as long as he followed the ministry and preached to the Indians. Upon his arrival in Charlestown, however, he found the political future of New England so uncertain that he gave up the idea of becoming a minister. He joined the church at Charlestown, the pastorate of which Charles Morton had accepted soon after his arrival, but shortly moved to Portsmouth.
On August 25, 1699, Samuel Penhallow took oath as a justice of the peace, in September was chosen speaker of the general assembly, and in December was appointed treasurer of the province, an office which, except during a year's absence in England, he held until his death. Other offices held by him in the provincial government in 1702 were recorder and privy councillor. In 1714 he became a justice in the superior court, and in 1717, chief justice. When Governor Shute was in Massachusetts in September 1717, Lieutenant-Governor Vaughan pronounced himself in authority, and, in spite of Governor Shute's contrary orders, dissolved the general court. Judge Penhallow, having taken the side of Governor Shute, was suspended from the council by Vaughan, but promptly reinstated by Shute. These proceedings being laid before the King, were found sufficient cause to remove Vaughan from office.
In 1719 Samuel Penhallow was again elected recorder, and held the office for three years. During the Indian wars from 1702 to 1725 he kept a very careful record of events and in 1726 published The History of the Wars of New-England with the Eastern Indians, or a Narrative of Their Continued Perfidy and Cruelty from the 10th of August 1703 to the Peace Renewed the 13th of July 1713, and from the 25th of July 1722 to Their Submission 15 December 1725. It is a volume faithfully stating harrowing facts with no attempt made to soften the ghastly deeds of the savage. Penhallow left a large estate accumulated by his trading ventures and through the inheritance of his first wife.
Samuel Penhallow died on December 2, 1726.
Achievements
Samuel Penhallow was best known for his service as a Chief Justice of the superior court of judicature.
(This Is A New Release Of The Original 1726 Edition.)
Connections
On July 1, 1687 Samuel Penhallow married Mary, daughter of John Cutt, president of the Province of New Hampshire. This marriage gave Penhallow entry to the governing class of the colony and opened to him many opportunities for lucrative trading ventures. She died in 1713, having borne him thirteen children. His second wife, whom Samuel Penhallow married September 8, 1714, was the twice-widowed Abigail (Atkinson). They had one son.