Career
From 1905 in revol movement. 1906-1909 lived in Paris. Joined in French workers’ movement.
1909 in Odessa then Kiev Bolshevik organisation. Arrested for revol activities. 1915, after leaving prison, underground work in Kiev then Moscow.
Arrested for revol propaganda among soldiers and exiled to Irkutsk Province. After 1917 February Revol elected secretary, Sokolniki Rayon, Moscow. During 1917 October Revol member, Revol Committee.
1918-1919 secretary, Basman Rayon Soviet. 1919-1921 secretary, Basman Rayon Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Committee. Then exec Party posts.
From 1955 pensioner.