Education
University of Paris.
University of Paris.
Beginning in 1905, she was a member, and then a secretary of the Bolshevik party in Yekaterinoslav. In 1910-1917, she lived in emigration. From September 9 to October 23, 1918, she was the secretary of the Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine.
In 1928-1938 she worked for the Communist International.
Beginning in 1945, she was an employee of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism in Moscow.