Background
Melgunov was born in Moscow to an old aristocratic family. His mother was Polish, née Gruszecka.
Melgunov was born in Moscow to an old aristocratic family. His mother was Polish, née Gruszecka.
Having graduated from Moscow University in 1904, he began his political and scholarly career in Imperial Russia.
In 1911, Melgunov established a publishing house Zadruga ("Задруга") where he published over 500 books and a journal Golos minuvshego ("The Voice of the Past"). He was arrested and sentenced to death in 1919, then reprieved, with the sentence commuted to imprisonment. He was released in 1921 and forced into exile in 1922.
Melgunov finally settled in Paris, where he continued his historical research and edited several émigré journals.
His most famous book is Red Terror in Russia (Russian: Красный террор в России) published in 1924. Historian Robert Gellately describes Melgunov"s pioneering study of the Red Terror as "a detailed and shocking account" which "has been confirmed by recent revelations from the Russian archives and by historians.".
He became a member of the Russian Constitutional Democratic party (“Cadets”) in 1906 and joined the People's Socialist Party in 1907.