Background
Stephen Harriman Long was born on December 30, 1784 in Hopkinton, New Hampshire, United States, the son of Moses and Lucy (Harriman) Long.
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(Describes two expeditions: one in 1817 up the Mississippi...)
Describes two expeditions: one in 1817 up the Mississippi River to the Falls of St. Anthony; and a second in 1823 westward from Philadelphia to the Red River of the North, down the Red, and east along the old Canadian canoe route, the Great Lakes, and portions of the Erie Canal. Long's journals are especially valuable for their firsthand observations of the Midwest and its people in the early 1800s, with references to many Indian peoples, including the Assiniboine, Dakota, Iroquois, Menominee, Ojibway, Osage, Ottawa, Potawatomi, Sauk, Winnebago, and Yanktonai.
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Stephen Harriman Long was born on December 30, 1784 in Hopkinton, New Hampshire, United States, the son of Moses and Lucy (Harriman) Long.
Stephen Harriman Long graduated from Dartmouth College with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1809. He received his Master of Arts degree in 1812.
In 1814 Stephen Harriman Long entered the army as a second lieutenant of engineers. After serving for two years as assistant professor of mathematics at West Point, he was transferred to the topographical engineers with the brevet rank of major and continued with this branch of the service throughout the remainder of his life. He was made major in 1838, and in 1861 became chief of the corps and colonel. In 1817 the War Department sent him West to examine the portages of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers and to explore the upper Mississippi. His account of this expedition appears under the title, "Voyage in a Sixoared Skiff to the Falls of St. Anthony in 1817".
Returning, a skilled explorer, he was assigned by Secretary Calhoun in 1819 to command the expedition to the Rocky Mountains. In July 1820 he reached the Rockies and discovered the lofty peak which bears his name. He did not penetrate the Front range but turned south to the vicinity of Colorado Springs, and headed east by way of the Arkansas and its tributaries, exploring a considerable section of the southwestern country, about which only vague and inaccurate geographical ideas had hitherto prevailed. A vivid narrative of the journey is given by Edwin James in Account of an Expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, Performed in the Years 1819 and '20 (2 vols. and atlas, 1822-1823).
In 1823 Long was assigned to examine the sources of the St. Peter's (Minnesota) River and the northern boundary of the United States to the Great Lakes. W. H. Keating, who accompanied the party, prepared the Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of the St. Peter's River, Lake Winnepeek, Lake of the Woods . .. Performed in the Year 1823 (2 vols. , 1824). From this time on, railroad routes supplanted Indian trails in Long's interest and activities.
In 1826 he received his first patent for his work on railroad steam locomotives. In 1827 he was assigned by the War Department to act as consulting engineer for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, and in association with Jonathan Knight he selected the route of the road. He later was president of its board of engineers. Continued friction with the management of the company led to his withdrawal from all official connection in 1830, but only after he had made a reputation as an authority in the new field of railway engineering. In connection with his theory of grades and curvatures, which appeared first in Report of the Engineers, on the Reconnoissance and Surveys Made in Reference to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (1828), and was afterward embodied in his Rail Road Manual (1829), he developed tables which obviated the need of all computations in the field.
In 1834 he made a preliminary survey of possible railway routes between points in Georgia and Tennessee, which was followed by a period as chief engineer of the Atlantic & Great Western Railroad, 1837-1840. Subsequently, he served as a consulting engineer for a number of railroad companies when not engaged in active military service. An outgrowth of this experience was his interest in bridge construction, on which he published a thin pamphlet in 1830. Six years later he obtained a patent on his method of bracing and counterbracing wooden bridges. A number of bridges in New England and elsewhere were constructed in accordance with his specifications. On duty at the mouth of the Mississippi River at the outbreak of the Civil War, he was called to Washington and advanced to the rank of colonel, retiring in 1863, and dying on September 4 of the following year in Alton, Illinois.
Long became prominent for exploring the territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. He covered over 26, 000 miles in five expeditions. He was the chief surveyor for most of the railroads in western America and his maps were invaluable to the Union Army during the Civil War. As an inventor, he was noted for his developments in the design of steam locomotives.
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
(Describes two expeditions: one in 1817 up the Mississippi...)
(This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of th...)
Long married Martha Hodgkins on March 3, 1819. They had four sons and a daughter.
