Background
Born March 1, 1800, in Newburyport, Massachusetts. He was the son of Dudley Atkins Tyng and Sarah Higginson (and the brother of sea captain, merchant, and memoirist Charles Tyng).
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Born March 1, 1800, in Newburyport, Massachusetts. He was the son of Dudley Atkins Tyng and Sarah Higginson (and the brother of sea captain, merchant, and memoirist Charles Tyng).
Stephen Tyng attended Phillips Andover Academy and was graduated from Harvard University in 1817. It was there that Tyng had a strong conversion experience that led him to leave business to pursue the ministry. He then headed to Bristol, RI to study theology and prepare for ordination under Bishop Griswold. Later, the degree of D. D. was conferred upon him by Jefferson College of Philadelphia in 1832, and by Harvard University in 1851.
He was ordained priest in 1824 by Bishop Kemp of Maryland. His fifty-seven years of active ministry were spent at St. John's Church, Georgetown, D. C. (1821 - 23); Queen Anne's Parish, Prince Georges County, Md. (1823 - 29); St. Paul's Church, Philadelphia (1829 - 34); Church of the Epiphany, Philadelphia (1834 - 45) and St. George's Church, New York (1845 - 78).
He shared with the Rev. Dr. Francis Lister Hawks the distinction of being the greatest preacher in the Episcopal Church. Noted for his fearlessness in the pulpit, at times he rose to great heights of eloquence and moved his hearers like a wind-swept sea. Vast congregations flocked to hear him; St. Paul's Church in Philadelphia, when he was rector, was popularly known as "Tyng's Theatre. "
He was one of the first to recognize the importance of Sunday schools and his own school in Philadelphia had more than two thousand children. This work in religious education he continued in New York, and under his direction St. George's parish was the first to establish mission chapels for the poor on the East Side of the city. Tyng's ministry covered a period of great importance in the development of the Episcopal Church in the United States.
At the outset the Evangelicals were dominant. That dominance was challenged by the high churchmen who were profoundly influenced by the Tractarian movement. The development of ritual in the services of the church followed.
A few years after he went to St. George's, broad churchmanship became dominant under the leadership of men like Phillips Brooks and David H. Greer. Against all these developments Tyng set his face like steel; he was a typical low churchman. Trained in the straitest school of the Evangelicals, he never faltered in his allegiance; broad churchman was just as obnoxious to him as high churchman, and both he fought tooth and nail. He was content to walk in the old paths. In his early ministry in Maryland he crossed swords with Bishop James Kemp and in his later years in New York he entered the lists against Bishop Horatio Potter.
Like Bishop Manton Eastburn of Massachusetts, Tyng never changed a theological opinion, with the unhappy result that he never rose above the position of being the leader of a party in the church.
Among his publications were Lectures on the Law and the Gospel (3rd ed. , 1844), Recollections of England (1847), The Israel of God (1849), Christ Is All (1849), Christian Titles (1853), Fellowship with Christ (1854), The Rich Kinsman; the History of Ruth the Moabitess (1855), The Captive Orphan; Esther, Queen of Persia (1860); Forty Years Experience in Sunday Schools (1860); The Spencers, a Story of Home Influence (1869). He also served as an editor of the Episcopal Recorder (Philadelphia), and of the Protestant Churchman (New York).
He resigned the rectorship of St. George's, New York, in 1878 and was made rector emeritus. The closing years of his life were marked by mental decline, and he died at Irvington-on-Hudson, N. Y.
(Excerpt from The Captive Orphan: Esther, the Queen of Per...)
(Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We h...)
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
(This book an EXACT reproduction of the original book publ...)
(This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curat...)
He was a man of imperious temper--which he did not always control--and of commanding personality; he did not take kindly to opposition and was at times autocratic. He was described as "the prince of platform orators" and Henry Ward Beecher said of him, "He is the one man that I am afraid of. When he speaks first I do not care to follow him".
Tyng married his first wife, Anne DeWolf Griswold (daughter of his mentor), in 1821. Together, they had four children: Anna Elizabeth, Dudley Atkins, Alexander Griswold, and Julia Griswold. She died on May 16, 1832, at 27 years of age and was buried in the churchyard of the Church of the Epiphany. He soon thereafter married Susan Wilson Mitchell in 1833. This marriage produced an additional four children: Thomas Mitchell, Stephen Higginson, Morris Ashurst, and Charles Rockland. It was his last son who wrote and published his biography "Record of the life and work of the Rev. Stephen Higginson Tyng, D. D. and history of St. George's Church, New York, to the close of his rectorship" in 1890.
Tyng's first son, Dudley Atkins, followed in his father's footsteps both as an Episcopal clergyman and by becoming rector of Church of the Epiphany in Philadelphia. He was an outspoken abolitionist who was ultimately ousted from that pulpit for his views. In 1857 Philadelphia was in the midst of a revival and, while visiting a barn on his property, his sleeve became caught in a piece of machinery and resulted in extensive injury. On his deathbed, he asked his father to remind the revivalist to "let us all stand up for Jesus. " These parting words became the inspiration for the instantly popular new hymn, "Stand Up, Stand Up for Jesus" written by family friend and Presbyterian minister George Duffield Jr.
Tyng's fourth son, also named Stephen Higginson Tyng, was an Episcopal clergyman and founded in 1874 the now demolished Holy Trinity Episcopal Church, commonly referred to as Dr. Tyng's Church; it was located on the northeast corner of Madison Avenue and 42nd Street, "just a block from Grand Central Station. " Tyng used the same architect as his father had (Leopold Eidlitz) for a High Victorian hybrid design of the German Romanesque. He was described as the "hardworking churchman, the younger Stephen H. Tyng, who organized it in 1874. " In 1895 the parish merged with St. James's Episcopal Church, and Holy Trinity was deconsecrated, sold and demolished.