Microscopical Section-Cutting. A Practical Guide to the Preparation and Mounting of Sections for the Microscope
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About the Book
An experiment is undetaken to support, r...)
About the Book
An experiment is undetaken to support, refute, or validate a hypothesis. Experiments demonstrate what outcome occurs when one factor is manipulated so that the cause and effect may be better deduced. A common feature of experimentation is its reliance on repeatable procedure and logical analysis of the results. Scientists attempt to set controls that minimize the effects of variables other than the single independent variable, which increases the reliability of the results. Such controls are a component of the fundamental process known as the scientific method.
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Sylvester Marsh was born on September 30, 1803 at Campton, New Hampshire, in the sparsely settled Pemigewasset Valley. He was a descendant of Alexander Marsh who was in Braintree, Massachussets, as early as 1654, and the son of John and Mehitable (Percival) Marsh, who, toward the close of the eighteenth century, had emigrated from East Haddam, Connecticut, cleared a bit of forest, and begun farming.
Career
Marsh grew to manhood, working on the farm and attending the district school a few months each winter. At nineteen he left home and for the next three years worked about Boston as a farm hand, learned brickmaking, and tended a provision stall in Quincy Market, incidentally learning to cure and pack pork. Early in 1828, in company with a friend, he went to Ashtabula, Ohio, and there began a beef and pork packing business, shipping the products east by way of the Erie Canal. Five years later, in 1833, he moved on to Chicago and on the site of the present Court House established a beef-marketing business. Following the financial crash of 1837, in which he experienced the disastrous fate which overtook many other business men, he began all over again as a grain dealer. This enterprise was successful, and in the course of a quarter of a century, operating both in Chicago and in Davenport, Iowa, he built up a comfortable fortune. During this period Marsh lived in several places. He moved from Chicago to Jamaica Plain, Massachussets, in 1855, and five years later returned to Chicago for four years. In 1864-65 he resided in Brooklyn, N. Y. , managing his export business. Some years earlier Marsh had conceived the idea of constructing a railroad up Mount Washington in New Hampshire, and as a first step obtained a charter from the state legislature in 1858. Before he could proceed to realize the project, however, the Civil War began and actual construction was not started until 1866. The road was completed in 1869 at a cost of $150, 000. It is two and one-half miles long, the average grade being 1, 300 feet to the mile, and one and one-half hours are required to make the ascent. Much of Marsh's mechanical ingenuity was called into play, not only in the construction of the roadway but also in the design of the steam locomotives. He patented an improvement in locomotive engines for ascending inclined planes (September 10, 1861); apparatus for ascending gradients (November 8, 1864); cog rail for railroads (January 15, 1867); atmospheric brake for railway cars (April 12, 1870). His central cog rail driving mechanism proved extremely successful, as did the braking system (there were six ways of stopping the train) and the plan was adopted subsequently in the construction of the railroad on Mount Rigi, Switzerland. The Mount Washington project was not a financial success, however, and up to the time that the Boston & Maine Railroad took over the property some time after Marsh's death, the officers of the company received no salaries. Marsh lived at Littleton, N. H. , from 1865 to 1879, and spent the last five years of his life in Concord, N. H.
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About the Book
An experiment is undetaken to support, r...)
Connections
Marsh was married, first, April 4, 1844, to Charlotte D. Bates of Monson, Massachussets, who died in 1850; and second, in March 1855, to Cornelia H. Hoyt of St. Albans, Vt. He was survived by his widow and four children.