Ibn Taymiyyah was a controversial medieval Sunni Muslim theologian, jurisconsult, logician, and reformer. He was a ravenous per user and writer of incredible individual valor who was enriched with a convincing written work style and a sharp memory.
Background
Ibn Taymiyyah was born on January 22, 1263 in Harran. When he was seven years old, together with his dad, and three siblings, they left the city of Harran which was totally annihilated by the following Mongol invasion. The family moved and settled in Damascus, Syria, which at the time was ruled by the Mamluks of Egypt.
Education
Educated in Damascus, he later soaked himself in the teachings of the Pietist school. He went ahead to ace the well known book of Arabic sentence structure, Al-Kitab, by the Persian grammarian Sibawayhi. He additionally contemplated science, polynomial math, calligraphy, religious philosophy (kalam), theory, history and heresiography. The information he picked up from history and reasoning, he used to negate the pervasive philosophical talks of his time, one of which was Aristotelian philosophy. Ibn Taymiyyah learnt about Sufism and expressed that he had thought about the works of; Junayd of Baghdad, Sahl al-Tustari, Abdul-Qadir Gilani, Abu Talib al-Makki, Ibn Arabi and Abu Hafs Umar al-Suhrawardi. At the age of 20 in the year 1282, he finished his education.
Career
After his dad passed on in 1284, Ibn Taymiyyah took up the then empty post as the leader of the Sukkariyya madrasa and started giving lessons on Hadith. After a couple of months only, he began giving lessons, at the Umayyad Mosque as seat of the Hanbali Zawiya on Fridays on Fridays, as well as on the interpretation of Qur'an. In November 1292, Ibn Taymiyyah played out the Hajj (journey to Mecca) and when he returned 4 months after the fact, he composed his first book called Manasik al-Hajj, in which he scrutinized and denounced the bid'ah's.
As right on time as 1293 Ibn Taymiyyah clashed with nearby powers for dissenting a sentence, affirmed under religious law, against a Christian blamed for having offended the Prophet. In 1298 he was blamed for humanoid attribution and for having censured, disdainfully, the authenticity of one sided religious philosophy.
Ibn Taymiyyah put in his most recent 15 years in Damascus. Elevated to the rank of schoolmaster, he accumulated around him a circle of devotees from each social class. The most acclaimed of these, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawzīyah (passed on 1350), was to partake in Ibn Taymiyyah's reestablished oppressions. Blamed for supporting a regulation that would diminish the straightforwardness with which a Muslim could generally revoke a spouse and along these lines facilitate the evil impacts of the practice, he was imprisoned on requests from Cairo in the fortification of Damascus from August 1320 to February 1321.
Ibn Taymiyyah spoke to the Hanbali school of thought amid this time. The Hanbali School was seen as the most customary school out of the four legitimate frameworks (Hanafi, Maliki and Shafii) on the grounds that it was "suspicious of the Hellenist controls of rationality and theoretical theology." He stayed dependable on the duration of his life to this school, whose regulations he had aced, however he by and by called for ijtihad (free thinking by one who is qualified) and demoralized taqlid.
He died on September 26, 1328, in Damascus, Syria.
Ibn Taymiyyah was known for his religious austerity and altruism.
Politics
In legislative issues Ibn Taymiyyah perceived the authenticity of the initial four caliphs, however he dismisses the need of having a solitary caliphate and took into account the presence of numerous emirates. Inside every emirate he requested that the ruler apply the religious law entirely and depend on it for his legitimate sentiment, and Ibn Taymiyyah requested from those under the sovereign's locale that they comply with the set up power aside from where it obliged insubordination to God, each Muslim being required to "will the great and deny the awful" for the advantage of the normal welfare.
He is famous for his fatwa issued against the Mongol rulers proclaiming jihad by Muslims against them obligatory, in light of the fact that they didn't take after Sharia and all things considered were not Muslim, their cases to have changed over to Islam in any case.
Personality
Ibn Taymiyyah was known for his physiognomy, sharp memory and wittedness which astonished the general population of Damascus and made them appreciate him to an ever increasing extent. In spite of the fact that he was youthful, his popularity achieved the neighboring regions.
He wanted to give whatever he had whether it was little or much. Notwithstanding when he had practically nothing, he gave it in philanthropy. He used to give whatever he had. On the off chance that he doesn't have anything to give, he used to remove some of his garments and offer them to poor people. Regardless of his neediness, he never acknowledged any gift from a ruler or sovereign. He didn't spare any cash for himself; neither had he spared any furniture nor sustenance.
Connections
Ibn Taymiyyah had a simple life, most of which he dedicated to learning, writing, and teaching. He never married nor did he have a female companion, throughout his years.