Thomas Jonathan Jackson Altizer is a radical theologian who is known for incorporating Friedrich Nietzsche's conception of the "death of God" and G. W. F. Hegel's dialectical philosophy into his systematic theology.
Background
A descendant and namesake of Stonewall Jackson, Thomas J. J. Altizer was born September 28, 1927, in Cambridge, Massachusetts; his father was a distinguished attorney. He grew up in Charleston, West Virginia, and graduated there in 1944 from Stonewall Jackson High School.
Education
He grew up in Charleston, West Virginia, and graduated there in 1944 from Stonewall Jackson High School. In 1951 he received the M. A. in theology at the divinity school and in 1955 the Ph. D. in history of religions at the Graduate School of the University of Chicago.
Career
After one year at St. John's College he enlisted in the United States Army. Following Army service he enrolled in the College of the University of Chicago from which he graduated with honors in 1948. His principal mentors during his graduate course were Joachim Wach, Mircea Eliade, and Paul Tillich.
From 1954 to 1956 he taught at Wabash College, and in 1956 he went to Emory University where he taught in the Graduate Institute of Liberal Arts and in the Graduate Division of Religion.
In 1968 he became professor of English at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. Retaining his position in English, in 1970 he became chairman of a new interdisciplinary unit in religious studies at Stony Brook. He had already launched a rigorous program of thinking and writing about theology.
Religion
This kenosis (self-emptying), enacted in the Incarnation, had, after centuries of Christian misreading, been realized through the dialectic of history, over which a wholly immanent God prevailed despite the Satanic interventions of Christendom and its orthodox theologians.
That resulted largely from his having distanced himself critically from the two major options of 19th and 20th century Protestant Christian theology.
Politics
While considered a "radical" by everyone, Altizer steadfastly rejected the liberalism of the 19th and 20th centuries (Schleiermacher, Harnack) and its claim to ground Christian faith in the religio-ethical personality of Jesus to which we have access by historical research.
Views
Seeing Christendom as the historical negation of what had been announced in and by Jesus as the end of history (viz. , the Kingdom of God), he saw in the modern "death of God" the historically actual realization of the primal apocalypse, the conscious realization that God had emptied himself of all absolute, transcent otherness and entered fully into the identity and difference of the human cosmos.
This kenosis (self-emptying), enacted in the Incarnation, had, after centuries of Christian misreading, been realized through the dialectic of history, over which a wholly immanent God prevailed despite the Satanic interventions of Christendom and its orthodox theologians.
The dialectic of the biblical apocalypse-that of the identity of God, of the difference of God from himself and the world, of the world from itself and God-had been preserved and renewed in the epic traditions of the Western world, in Homer and Virgil and above all in Dante, Milton, Blake, and Joyce.
Without eschewing-indeed emphasizing-its biblical basis, Altizer's theology thus saw in the conditions of modern consciousness the ultimate fruition of original Christianity, the perfection of Jesus's re-presentation of God. That fruition marked the end of history as known to Western consciousness and, in religious terms, the beginning of the universal (but not absolute) religion.
The power and subtlety of Altizer's work were as little understood by professional theologians as by those in the popular media.
In high transcendence of these options, Altizer fashioned his theology by utilizing the linguistic forms of Hegel, Kierkegaard, and Nietzsche and the substance of the Bible, mediated by the arts: epic literature, music, painting, and sculpture.
Personality
Quotes from others about the person
The professor Mark Taylor rightly wrote, "When the history of twentieth century theology is written, one of its major chapters will be devoted to the work of Thomas J. J. Altizer. "