Thomas Anthony Dooley III was an American physician. Honored by countless civic and private organizations, he was revered throughout the world as a dedicated young doctor impatient to serve others in a life he knew was too short.
Background
Dooley was born on January 17, 1927 in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Thomas A. Dooley, Jr. , and Agnes Wise Manzelman. The elder Dooley was an executive with American Car and Foundry Company, and Dooley was thus raised in a home of comfortable wealth.
Education
Dooley attended Catholic grade school, completed an accelerated program at St. Louis University High School, and began his premedical studies at the University of Notre Dame in March 1944. He withdrew from the universuty in October 1944. Dooley returned to Notre Dame in 1946, spent the summer of 1948 studying French in Europe, and enrolled in St. Louis University Medical School that fall. He received the M. D. degree in 1953.
Career
Dooley withdrew from the universuty in October 1944 to enlist as a medical corpsman in the U. S. Navy, serving in military hospitals in New York and California. Re-enlisting in the navy, Dooley served for sixteen months as a medical intern at Camp Pendleton, California, and in Japan, and was assigned to the cargo attack ship Montague in the summer of 1954. This ship, converted to passenger use, was assisting refugees leaving North Vietnam for South Vietnam according to the terms of the Geneva accords signed earlier that year and Dooley served as the ship's medical officer and occasionally as interpreter for French and American officials. He established a refugee camp near Haiphong to treat evacuees before they boarded the ship, and he and his team of corpsmen were soon processing 2, 000 refugees daily. He was crowding more practice in malaria, yaws, beri-beri, leprosy and cholera into a month than most doctors see in a long lifetime. He was also exposed to Communist and anti-Western atrocities: "things I didn't think human beings were capable of doing, " he wrote in 1954. By the following May more than 600, 000 refugees had been treated and transferred.
After a three-month lecture tour of the United States in early 1956, Dooley resigned from the navy and, with three of his former corpsmen, returned to Southeast Asia, this time to Laos. Supported by private gifts, donations of medicines and equipment from American manufacturers, and proceeds from the best-selling account of his work in Vietnam, Deliver Us from Evil (1956), he set up clinics at Vang Vieng and at Nam Tha, five miles from the Chinese border. He spent much of each day in his dispensary or in surgery, promoted higher standards of cleanliness and personal hygiene, and trained teams of native assistants to whom he could entrust his clinics when he moved on to found others.
Dooley returned to the United States in late 1957, and recorded his Laotian experiences in a second best-seller, The Edge of Tomorrow (1958). With Dr. Peter Comanduras, a Washington physician, he founded MEDICO (Medical International Corporation Organization) to bring medical assistance to the peoples of less-developed countries. Leaving the administration of MEDICO to others, Dooley returned to Laos and opened a third clinic at Muong Sing. He described this work in The Night They Burned the Mountain (1960). While on a routine visit to neighboring villages in early 1959, he lost his footing and tumbled down a twenty-foot embankment, injuring his chest. A tumor that developed proved to be malignant, and he underwent surgery in New York City later that year. Dooley returned to Muong Sing to continue his work in December, but the cancer was spreading. Twelve months later he reentered the hospital in New York City, where he died on January 18, 1961.
His reputation suffered in the late 1970's, when an association with the Central Intelligence Agency was revealed; but this may have been nothing more than a willingness to share with government officials at home information he gathered in normal conversations with villagers. To the allegation that his procedures were too hurried, he countered that long lines of patients precluded more leisurely practice and that most native ills were common and uncomplicated. Dooley's detractors, however, were a minority.
Religion
Deeply religious, Dooley sought to begin each day with mass.
Personality
Dooley was an unabashed propagandist, reminding each patient that he was an American doctor and that it was American aid he was dispensing. He was controversial both during and after his brief life, but he was undeniably talented. He also had a boyish charm and sense of humor that attracted others instantly.
Dooley was an effective public speaker, a tireless worker, and a demanding administrator. Yet he could also be brash, impatient with authority, and even egotistical. He was probably too blatant in his political propagandizing and too ready to ascribe atrocities and organized opposition to Communism.