Geometry and Faith; A Supplement to the Ninth Bridgewater Treatise
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Religion in public instruction. Baccalaureate address delivered before the graduating class of Antioch college, Yellow Springs, Ohio, June 20, 1860
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Religion in public instruction. Baccalaureate address delivered before the graduating class of Antioch college, Yellow Springs, Ohio, June 20, 1860
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Liberal education : an address delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard College, July 22, 1858
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Thomas Hill was an American clergyman, mathematician, scientist, philosopher, and educator. He served as a president of Antioch College and Harvard University.
Background
Thomas Hill was born on January 7, 1818 in New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States. His father, Thomas Hill, was in his youth a farmer near Tamworth in Warwickshire. He was a Unitarian, and in 1791, during the prevailing political, religious, and social upheaval in England, emigrated to America in search of religious liberty. Starting business as a tanner in New Brunswick, New Jersey, where he later served for many years as a judge of the court of common pleas, he married as his second wife, Henrietta Barker, whose father likewise had been driven from England during the religious persecutions following the Birmingham riot.
When young Thomas was only ten years old his father died, but the difference between the Christianity practised in the Hill household and the orthodoxy of the neighbors had already made its impression on the boy, as had the elder Hill's Sunday-afternoon discussions with deitistical friends. The father was a lover of nature, taught his family the scientific names of plants, and awakened an interest in natural science in his children.
Education
Before Hill was twelve he had read works of Franklin, Erasmus and Darwin. After three years of formal schooling, during which he showed especial aptitude for mathematics, he entered the office of the Fredonian in September 1830 as a printer's apprentice. The fare provided brought on illness and despondency which finally drove him to flight.
The next eighteen months, until October 1834, he spent under his eldest brother at Lower Dublin Academy, Holmesburg, Pennsylvania. At that time he was inclined towards civil engineering, but since no place offered itself, he was finally apprenticed to an apothecary.
By May 1838, he had convinced his brothers of his bent for the ministry, and started to prepare for Harvard. Lacking only knowledge of the classics, he accomplished his preparation in the space of fifteen months; one year under the tutelage of Rufus P. Stebbins, the Unitarian minister at Leominster, Massachussets, the remainder of the time at Leicester Academy.
After four years in Harvard College, where he attained particular distinction in mathematics and invented an instrument for calculating eclipses and occultations for which he was awarded the Scott Medal of the Franklin Institute, he graduated in 1843.
Entering the Divinity School, he graduated in 1845.
Career
In 1843 Hill published a little volume, Christmas, and Poems on Slavery. He was settled happily for fourteen years as minister at Waltham, Massachussets During this period he published two mathematical textbooks, two papers on curves, and Geometry and Faith (1849), which was revised and republished in 1874 and almost completely rewritten in 1882.
In 1858 he delivered the Phi Beta Kappa oration, Liberal Education, at Harvard, and the following year gave a series of Lowell Institute lectures on "The Mutual Relation of the Sciences. " In 1859 he was persuaded, much against his wishes, to accept the presidency of Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio, in which his wife's kinsman, Reverend Henry Whitney Bellows, was enthusiastically interested. His studies in education fitted him admirably for the post, but the financial insecurity of the college compelled him to spend his energies in securing funds for running expenses.
In 1862 the war forced the college to suspend, and Hill was called to the presidency of Harvard. His administration was not without opposition, because of his liberal theology, predilection towards science, and lack of executive ability.
His resignation was accepted in 1868, and following a year of travel and another representing Waltham in the legislature (1871), he sailed with his friend Agassiz on an expedition to South America. In 1873 he returned to assume the pastorate of the First Church in Portland, Maine, where he spent eighteen happy years preaching, writing, lecturing, and interesting himself in scientific and educational experiments. His Lowell Lectures delivered in 1870 were published, somewhat revised, as a series of articles in the Bibliotheca Sacra (January 1874 - April 1875), and in book form as A Statement of the Natural Sources of Theology (1877).
In 1876 he published The True Order of Studies, giving expression to his belief that education should embrace an organization of all knowledge; in February 1878 he printed in the Unitarian Review an address on "Geometry and Biology" in which he cautioned his hearers against Darwin's theory of accidental variation. He collaborated with G. A. Wentworth in the preparation of A Practical Arithmetic (1881). A volume of poems, In the Woods, and Elsewhere, appeared in 1888.
Four years after his death were published, under the title Postulates of Revelation and of Ethics (1895), the lectures he had delivered at the Meadville Theological School on natural theology.
In the spring of 1891, as he was returning to Portland from Meadville, he was overtaken by illness at the home of his daughter in Waltham, Massachussets, where after several months of suffering he died.
Achievements
Thomas Hill has been listed as a noteworthy clergyman, college president by Marquis Who's Who.
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
Views
Quotations:
"There must be algebraic and geometric law at the basis, not only of each organic form, but of the series of forms. "
Membership
Hill was an honorary member of the Hasty Pudding.
Personality
Thomas Hill claimed to have injured his testicle while gardening, an incident that made him wary of laboratory instruction at Harvard, warning students not to exert themselves too much in their studies.
Historian Samuel Eliot Morison said that Hill was “too modest, easily balked by difficulty or opposition. With the air and appearance of a kindly, eccentric country minister, he failed lamentably to match the traditional picture of a Harvard president, and shocked Cambridge folk by such lapses from clerical dignity as stripping off his coat to plant ivy against Gore Hall. ”
Connections
Hill was married to Ann Foster Bellows, of Walpole, New Hampshire. Unfortunately the death of his wife in 1864, together with the incurable illness of his second wife, Lucy Elizabeth Shepard of Dorchester, whom he married in 1866, and a breakdown in his own health, saddened Hill's years at Harvard.
He was survived by four daughters and three sons, one of whom was Henry Barker Hill, professor of chemistry at Harvard.