Background
A great-grandson of Samuel Atkins Eliot and grandson of Charles William Eliot, Eliot was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts into the prominent Eliot family.
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A great-grandson of Samuel Atkins Eliot and grandson of Charles William Eliot, Eliot was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts into the prominent Eliot family.
He attended Browne & Nichols School in Cambridge, graduated from Harvard University in 1928 and was a student at Emmanuel College in Cambridge University, from 1928-1929. He graduated from Harvard Law School in 1932 and was admitted to the bar in 1933, commencing practice in Buffalo, New New York
He served as assistant solicitor in the United States Department of Labor from 1933-1935 and as general counsel for the Social Security Board from 1935-1938. He was a lecturer on government at Harvard University in 1937-1938, and regional director of the Wage and Hour Division in the Department of Labor in 1939-1940. In 1938 Eliot, a Democrat, ran for election to the Seventy-sixth Congress, losing to Republican Robert Luce.
Eliot defeated Luce in a rematch in 1940, winning election to the Seventy-seventh Congress (January 3, 1941 – January 3, 1943).
Eliot saw war service in 1943 as director of the British Division, Office of War Information, London, England, and special assistant to the United States Ambassador. In 1943-1944 he was chairman of the appeals committee of the National War Labor Board.
He served with the Office of Strategic Services in 1944, and from November 1944 to November 1945 was chief counsel of the Division of Power, United States. Department of the Interior. In addition, Eliot served as New England chairman of the United Negro College Fund.
After the war, Eliot engaged in the practice of law in Boston from 1945-1950, before returning to university life.
In 1952 he was appointed professor of political science at Washington University in Saint Louis, where he wrote Governing America. The Politics of a Free People: National, State, and Local Government, and American Government: Problems and Readings in Political Analysis. He was a professor of constitutional law from 1958-1961.
In 1961 he moved to the Washington University College of Liberal Arts, serving as dean in 1961-1962, and chancellor from 1962-1971.
Eliot was a resident of Cambridge until his death there in 1991. He was interred at Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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