Meagher of the Sword: Speeches of Thomas Francis Meagher in Ireland, 1846-1848 : his Narrative of Events in Ireland in July 1848, Personal Reminiscences of Waterford, Galway, and his Schooldays
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Thomas Francis Meagher was an American politician, lawyer, and soldier.
Background
Thomas Francis Meagher was born on 3 August 1823 in Waterford, Ireland. He was the son of Thomas Meagher, a wealthy merchant in the Newfoundland trade, who for a time represented his district in Parliament. His mother, of the well-known family of Quan, died while Thomas Francis was yet an infant.
Education
Meagher attended the Jesuit college of Clongowes-Wood, Kildare (1833 - 39), and the English college of Stonyhurst, near Preston, Lancashire (1839 - 43).
Career
Meagher joined the Young Ireland party in the year 1845 and in 1846 made his first appearance as a public speaker at the great national meeting at Kilkenny, over which Daniel O'Connell presided. In the following year he became one of the founders of the Irish Confederation and a member of the so-called "War Directory, " and in April 1848 went to France in its interest, bringing back to the city of Dublin an Irish tri-color. Meagher made presentation of the flag the occasion for an incendiary speech, and was arrested July 11, 1848, charged with sedition. In October he was tried for high treason at Clonmel and condemned to death. The sentence of the court was commuted and in July 1849 he was banished to Tasmania. Escaping in January 1852, he arrived in the United States in the following May, took out citizenship papers in August, and became the virtual leader of the Irish element in New York City. He lectured throughout the East with considerable success, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1855, became editor of the Irish News in 1856, and practised law from 1856 to 1861. With the outbreak of the Civil War, Meagher organized in 1861 a company of Zouaves which became part of the 69th Volunteers. With his regiment he took part in the first battle of Bull Run, where he had a horse shot under him while acting as a field-officer. In the winter of 1861-62 he organized in New York City the Irish Brigade, and became its commander, February 3, 1862, participating in the battles of the Peninsular Campaign, Second Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville. When his brigade was so decimated as to be non-effective, Meagher resigned his commission and returned to New York City where, June 25, 1863, he was banqueted by a number of leading citizens and presented with a gold medal. Early in 1864 he was reappointed a brigadier-general and in November took over command of the district of Etowah. In the following January he joined General Sherman's army at Savannah, where he was mustered out of the service with the coming of peace. Later in 1865 he was appointed territorial secretary of Montana, and after his arrival in October served for a year as temporary governor in the absence of Gov. Sidney Edgerton. He encountered many obstacles in the administration of his office. In July 1867, while engaged in a reconnoissance on the Missouri River near Fort Benton, he fell from the deck of a steamer and was drowned. Meagher published Speeches on the Legislative Independence of Ireland (1853), The Last Days of the 69th in Virginia (1861), and other letters and papers.
Achievements
Meagher is most famous for commanding the "Irish Brigade". General Meagher was born in Waterford, Ireland. He was active in the Irish Independence movement and had to come to America to escape British Authorities. During the Civil War, he organized the famous "Irish Brigade" from Irish immigrants in New York. Meagher County, Montana is named in his honor. A statue of Meagher, on horseback with sword raised, is on the front lawn of the Montana State Capitol in Helena, and was first erected in 1905. A similar statue honoring him was erected in 2004 in Waterford, Ireland near his childhood home at Number 19, The Mall.
In 1963, President Kennedy spoke of Meagher's legacy, leading the Irish Brigade into battle in the American Civil War. He presented the battle flag of the Brigade to the people of Ireland, and it hangs to this day in Leinster House, the location of the Irish Parliament.
In 1982, the Ancient Order of Hibernians formed the Thomas Francis Meagher Division #1 in Helena, Montana, dedicated to the principles of the Order and to restoring a historically accurate record of Meagher's contributions to Montana.
The military fort at Camden near Crosshaven, County Cork, was renamed Fort Meagher.
A monument at the Antietam battlefield was dedicated in his honor.
A cenotaph memorial to Meagher is located in Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York.
In the spring of 1867, the U. S. Army established a post near Rocky Creek, east of Bozeman, Montana, and named it Fort Elizabeth Meagher in honor of Meagher's second wife.
At the New York-New York Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas, a statue depicting Meagher in uniform was dedicated near the Brooklyn bridge directly facing the Las Vegas strip.
On 3 December 1944, the Liberty Ship S. S. Thomas F. Meagher was launched.
In March 2015, the Suir Bridge, crossing the river Suir outside Meagher's native Waterford, was renamed the Thomas Francis Meagher Bridge by the President of Ireland Michael D. Higgins.
In December 1987, the General Thomas F. Meagher Division 1 of the City of Fredericksburg (Virginia) of the Ancient Order of Hibernians was formed.
A memorial featuring a bust of Meagher was dedicated in 2009 on the bank of the Missouri River in Fort Benton, Montana, believed to be near the site of the riverboat where he was said to have fallen overboard.
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Connections
On February 22, 1851, Meagher was married to a Miss Bennett, daughter of a farmer. His first wife had died in Ireland in 1854, and on November 14, 1855, he was married to Elizabeth Townsend of Southfield, New Jersey.