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He was born on September 11, 1857 in Manchester, New Hampshire, United States, to Maurice Peter and Mary Ann (Carmody) Shahan, Irish immigrants of some culture, who amassed a small competence in the mill towns of New England without acquiring a slavish obsequiousness to their "Yankee betters. "
Trained in the public school of Millbury, Massachussets, he developed a priestly vocation through association with an uncle, the Rev. Peter Shahan of Norwich, Connecticut In the Sulpician College of Montreal, Shahan was thoroughly grounded in philosophy, the classics, and French literature before going to the American College and the Propaganda in Rome, where he won a doctorate in sacred theology in 1882 and was ordained to the priesthood, June 3, 1882. He was a brilliant student of prodigious memory and great versatility.
He continued his studies at the Sorbonne and the Catholic Institute in Paris, at the Roman Seminary, which awarded him a licentiate in canon law in 1889, and at the University of Berlin, where he specialized in history and learned German.
He returned to Connecticut, where as a curate in St. John's Church, New Haven, chancellor of the diocese, and secretary to Bishop L. S. McMahon of Hartford, 1883-88, he obtained experience in ecclesiastical administration and an acquaintance with men and affairs in New England. Though essentially a priest, he took time to delve into the history of the diocese and its immigrant population, and supplied invaluable notes for J. H. O'Donnell's History of the Diocese of Hartford (1900).
In 1891 he was invited by Monsignor John Joseph Keane and started to lecture at the pontifical Catholic University at Washington in church history, Roman law, and patrology.
In 1909 he was appointed a domestic prelate of the pontifical court and rector of the Catholic University. Five years later he was consecrated titular bishop of Germanicopolis, and in February 1928 he was named an assistant to the papal throne by Pius XI, with whom he had labored in the Roman archives.
He may be considered one of the founders or promoters of the Catholic Sisters' College, of the original summer school for teaching nuns (1913), of the Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in whose crypt he has found his tomb, of the Catholic Educational Association (1904), of the National Conference of Catholic Charities (1910), of the American Catholic Historical Association (1917), and of the International Federation of Catholic Alumnae. With his assistance the Catholic University Bulletin, a literary magazine he had founded and edited, 1895-1909, gave way to the Catholic Educational Review (1911), the Catholic Charities Review (1917), the Catholic Historical Review (1915), and the New Scholasticism (1927).
In 1928, having left an indelible mark on the cultural life of the Catholic Church in America, he retired from the rectorship to a quiet retreat at Holy Cross Academy.
A voluminous writer of historical and apologetic essays for Catholic magazines over a period of forty years, Thomas Shahan wrote his famous works: The Blessed Virgin in the Catacombs (1892), The Beginnings of Christianity (1903), The Middle Ages (1904), St. Patrick in History (1904). He also was a founder and an editor of the Catholic Encyclopedia (1907 - 13) to which he contributed over two hundred articles. During his ruling the Catholic university of America the endowment was raised to over $3, 000, 000; superior departments of theology, canon law, and Oriental studies were fostered; several buildings were constructed; and a score of religious communities were encouraged to establish houses of study near the university. Besides, Shahan founded the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington.
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While he emphasized the German seminar method in training students, he was himself an interpretative historian whose religious intensity drove him into apologetic channels and whose Celtic fervor and fancy made his written style somewhat redundant.
His vision was of a national medieval university, enriched by modern methods and science, and energized by American influences and rivalries, which should be a center for national Catholic activities and for a revival of Catholic culture.
He was an enthusiastic and emotional teacher of vivid imagination, generous nature, and broad culture. He was paternalistic but tactful.
