The Structure of Normal Fibers of Purkinje in the Adult Human Heart and Their Pathological Alteration in Syphilitic Myocarditis
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This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.
As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Clinical Anatomy of the Gastro-intestinal Tract
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As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
An Introduction to the Mammalian Dentition - Primary Source Edition
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
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Thomas Wingate Todd was born on January 15, 1885 in Sheffield, England. He was the oldest of four children (two boys and two girls) of the Rev. James Todd, a Methodist minister, and Katharine (Wingate) Todd. The family background was Scottish and the home environment one of piety, middle-class comfort, and intellectual stimulation.
Education
Young Todd attended York Wesleyan grammar school and Nottingham High School and received private tutoring. He then went on to Owens College of the Victoria University of Manchester, receiving the degrees of M. B. (bachelor of medicine) and Ch. B. (bachelor of surgery) in 1907.
Career
Joining the medical faculty of the university as demonstrator in anatomy (1907 - 08), he later served as house surgeon of the Royal Infirmary in Manchester (1909), becoming.
But Todd's surgical training, in the tradition of the great surgeon-anatomist John Hunter, had included a thorough grounding in anatomy, and by 1910 this interest had become uppermost; in that year Todd returned to Manchester University as lecturer in anatomy and clinical anatomy. Meanwhile a stimulating association with two eminent anatomist-anthropologists, Sir Arthur Keith and Sir Grafton Elliot Smith, had aroused Todd's interest in human skeletal development, a subject then very much in the air as a result of recent Egyptian archeological discoveries and the finding of fossil remains of the prehistoric Java man and Piltdown man.
In 1912 Todd left Manchester to become professor of anatomy at the medical school of Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, where he remained for the rest of his life. His new position gave him the opportunity to pursue his interest in human skeletal development, for in addition to his teaching duties he became director of the museum of comparative anthropology and anatomy which had been established at the university by his predecessor, Dr. Carl Augustus Hamann. No sizable collection of human skeletons of known age and sex then existed. To place his researches on a scientific basis, Todd gradually accumulated for the Hamann Museum the largest documented collection of human skeletons in the world. He and his associates could then make innumerable and closely graded studies of osseous changes, with particular emphasis on the appearance and union of epiphyses, suture closure, and age changes in the pubic symphysis and scapula, and determine the variations in the human skeleton caused by age, sex, race, injury and disease, and peculiarities of growth.
His studies established an index of maturation that made it possible to tell the age of any skeleton with comparative certainty. From 1926 to 1936 Todd applied these age criteria to another important research project, a study of child growth, in which he used skeletal development as a readily observable measure of general bodily development. At first with the aid of the Cleveland Health Council and later with financial support from the Brush Foundation (established in 1928 by Charles F. Brush of Cleveland) and the Charles Bingham Bolton Fund, Todd conducted X-ray examinations of some 4, 000 selected children in order to establish standards of normal growth and development under optimum conditions. One important result of this survey was Todd's Atlas of Skeletal Maturation (1937), a detailed study of the hand, which was planned as the first of a series of volumes on different parts of the body. For the Bolton Fund, Todd and Dr. B. Holly Broadbent also investigated cephalofacial development in children, contributing new concepts to the field of orthodontics.
Todd served as the first director of the Brush Foundation and was a member of the White House Conference on Child Growth and Development (1929 - 31). As a teacher, Todd built up at Western Reserve a notable department of anatomy, one perhaps closer to the traditions of practical medicine than that of Franklin P. Mall at Johns Hopkins.
Todd's aim was to make anatomy a study of development and growth, not of static problems of anatomical structure. A stimulating teacher, he was also a clear and forceful writer. His writings include 190 titles, 62 in anatomy, 40 in physical anthropology, and 88 in growth and development.
Todd died in Cleveland of coronary arteriosclerosis and thrombosis. His ashes were interred at Footes Bay, Ontario, his summer home.
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
Membership
He became a a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1911.
He was a vice-president of the American Association of Anatomists and president of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, and had he lived a few months longer he would have become a fellow of the Royal Society.
He was also a Fellow of Galton Society of New York.
Personality
Six feet tall, sturdily built, and of great vitality, Todd was dynamic in action and speech, tempering a strong will and determination with kindliness, understanding, and a ready wit.
Connections
He was survived by his wife, Eleanor Pearson of Manchester, England, whom he had married on November 9, 1912, and their three children: Arthur Wingate, Donald Pearson, and Eleanor Margaret.