Background
Thomas Wayland Vaughan was born on September 20, 1870, in Jonesville, Texas. He was the son of Samuel Floyd Vaughan, a physician and landowner, and Annie Rebecca Hope Vaughan.
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Excerpt from A Geological Reconnaissance of the Dominican Republic, Vol. 1 On April 1, 1917, Rear Admiral H. S. Knapp, Military Governor Of the Dominican Republic, addressed to the Director of the United States Geological Survey a request for an estimate of the cost of a complete mensuration survey of the Republic and of supplemental mineralogical and botanical investigations. The estimates requested were furnished to Admiral Knapp, and after further correspondence it was agreed that the direction of a topographic and geologic survey of the Republic should be undertaken by the United States Geological Survey, the expense of the work, except that of certain office and laboratory investigations, to be borne by the Dominican Government. There is no adequate base map of the Dominican Republic, and as a de tailed geologic survey must be based upon detailed topographic maps more thorough geologic studies must await the completion of the topographic mapping; but as so little reliable information concerning the geology was available it appeared necessary to make preliminary geologic examinations before beginning more detailed work. Accordingly, on December 4, 1918, the Director of the United States Geological Survey wrote to Admiral Knapp a letter which contained the following paragraph. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
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Excerpt from International Aspects of Oceanography: Oceanographic Data and Provisions for Oceanographic Research Working in conjunction with the members of the Committee and after conferences with numerous persons and visits to oceanographic institutions, Doctor Bigelow prepared a report entitled Oceanography, its scope, problems, and economic importance, which was published in 1931. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Excerpt from A Brief Contribution to the Geology and Paleontology of Northwestern Louisiana In the lists Of the Species, references to the publications where they were first described are omitted, because in Prof. G. D. Harris's report on the Tertiary geology of southern Arkansas' numerous references are given. Professor Harris has written a Monograph of the Terti ary Mollusca of Texas (not yet published), and Mr. O. W. Johnson, curator of the museum of the Wagner Free Institute of Science, of Philadelphia, is engaged in making a catalogue, with bibliographic references, of the Species in the Isaac Lea memorial collection of Eocene fossils. These publications will contain references to practically all of the species listed in the present paper. Dr. William H. Dall has prepared a paper, which will probably appear in the Eighteenth Annual Report of the Survey, dealing with the nomenclature and correlation of the Tertiary beds of the United States. In this contribution Dr. Dall has shown that the Vicksburg and the Grand Gulf and the beds hitherto denominated Lower Miocene should be considered Oligocene, the first belonging to the Lower Oligocene and the second to the Upper Oligocene. Through the courtesy of Dr. Dal, I have utilized that classification in the present paper. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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geologist oceanographer paleontologist
Thomas Wayland Vaughan was born on September 20, 1870, in Jonesville, Texas. He was the son of Samuel Floyd Vaughan, a physician and landowner, and Annie Rebecca Hope Vaughan.
Vaughan majored in physical science at Tulane University, from which he received the B. A. in 1889. He entered Harvard that same fall and received the A. B. the following year, the A. M. in 1894, and the Ph. D. in 1903.
Vaughan became an instructor in chemistry and physics at Mount Lebanon College in Mount Lebanon, Louisiana, and during the summer of 1892, he was a geological assistant with the Louisiana Geological Survey. In 1894, he joined the United States Geological Survey as assistant to Robert T. Hill, one of the survey's leaders. This association lasted through several productive years and resulted in a number of geologic and paleontologic papers and geologic folios, mostly dealing with areas of Texas. Hill also introduced Vaughan to geologic problems of the Caribbean area.
Vaughan's interest in corals began while he was a graduate student at Harvard. In 1897-1898, he spent nearly a year studying the extensive collections of western European museums, acquiring an understanding of the reef-building corals and of the many steps in their evolution. His first major work on fossil corals, The Eocene and Lower Oligocene Coral Faunas of the United States (1900), became his doctoral thesis. In 1903, he was appointed a custodian of the madreporarian corals at the United States National Museum, a post he held for two decades.
From 1907 to 1918, he spent much time at the biological laboratory operated by the Carnegie Institution of Washington at Dry Tortugas, off the Florida coast, and he also made field studies of coral reefs in the West Indies. His studies of living corals led to the publication of The Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan (1907), which included an analysis of available ecologic data and is still the authorative work. In his work on corals, Vaughan studied each reef in relation to its environment. His interpretations, thus soundly based, have withstood the passage of time and the acquisition of a flood of new information.
In 1907, Vaughan was given control of coastal plain investigations by the United States Geological Survey; he held the post for sixteen years. His field investigations of the plain from Texas to Florida, of a number of Caribbean islands, and of Panama gave him firsthand knowledge of the geologic section, and he became an authority on American Tertiary stratigraphy. He later extended his studies to include the islands of the Caribbean and the Pacific. Vaughan never lost his interest in corals and coral reefs. His revision of the Scleractinian corals (1942), published with John W. Wells, dealt primarily with systematic classification but also included a summary of the geologic and geographic distribution of the reef-building types.
About 1922, Vaughan became interested in a more specialized and, in some ways, more difficult group, the larger Foraminifera. These long-undervalued organisms could not be properly understood or described without studying thin sections that would reveal their internal growth patterns. Since Vaughan himself was not temperamentally suited to grinding such sections (he lacked the requisite patience), he trained assistants and associates to prepare them. His publications in 1933 on American Tertiary species, in 1941 (with W. S. Cole) on Cretaceous and Tertiary forms from the West Indies, and in 1945 on American Paleocene and Eocene forms, were major contributions that established the value of the larger Foraminifera, particularly in making age determinations and in other aspects of stratigraphy.
For most of his career, Vaughan was interested in marine sediments and marine organisms. He was not, however, a physical oceanographer; and after becoming director of the Scripps Institution in La Jolla, California, in 1924, he had to review and supplement his early studies, particularly in mathematics. Slowly, under his leadership, Scripps evolved from a modest seaside biological station into the leading oceanographic institution of the Pacific area.
In 1932-1933, at the request of the National Academy of Sciences, Vaughan made a worldwide tour of oceanographic institutions and became acquainted with their personnel, facilities, and special interests. He retired from Scripps in 1936 and returned to his paleontological work at the United States National Museum. He continued there until 1947 when he became partially blind following a severe attack of pneumonia. This ended his own scientific work, but he retained an interest in the work of others until his death, in Washington, D. C.
Vaughan's research work concentrated on the study of corals and coral reefs, the investigation of larger foraminifera, and oceanography. He received a number of awards and honorary degrees, including the Alexander Agassiz Medal and the Penrose Medal. In 1940, was decorated with the Order of the Rising Sun Third Class.
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In 1947, Vaughan became partially blind after a severe attack of pneumonia. He kept abreast of research in his fields of interest thanks to assistance from friends and students, who would read scientific literature to him for a few hours each day.
On March 22, 1909, Vaughan married Dorothy Quincy Upham. They had one daughter.