Education
1905 graduate КоруГ elementary school.
1905 graduate КоруГ elementary school.
1906-1909 after futile attempts to enter Nesvizh Teachers' Training Seminary and Goretsk Agric School worked at a tannery in КоруГ. Member, КоруГ Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party organisation. 1909-1912 loured many Ukraine and Belorussian cities in search of work.
From 1913 in St. Petersburg. Worked for some time at "Vulkan" Plant. Then ran a Belorussian publ house and worked for Belorussian Refugees Committee.
Ed, Belorussian newspaper Dzyan’nitsa. Member, Belorussian Socialist Party and inter-rayon Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party organisation. 1917 from various Belorussian Socialist Party organisation in Petrograd helped found Belorussian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party (Bolsheviks).
From February 1918 secretary, Belorussian National Committee, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Council of People’s Commissar. Ed, newspaper Dzyan'nitsa: January 1919 chairman. Belorussian Provisional Government and member, Centr Bureau, Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Belorussian.
1919-1920 with staff, 14th Army. Then with Polit Department, Western Front. 1921-1930 ed, newspaper Savetskaya Belarus’.
Lrom 1923 ed, periodical Polymya. Simultaneously Collegium member, Belorussian People’s Commissariat of Education. Director, Belorussian Centr Archives.
Head, Belorussian State Publ House. From 1923 member, Institute of Belorussian Culture. From 1928 member, Belorussian Academy of Sciences.
1909 first work published. Belonged to the so-called ’’proletarian writers” and observed all norms of "revol romanticism’’. 1918 played an active part in the liquidation of the "Northwestern Oblast" (later "Western Cummune”) and founding of Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic on its basis.
With the establishment of the first Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (late December 1918) at odds with Moscow, central authorities and local Bolsheviks from the Northwest Oblast Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Committee in demanding territorial integrity for Belorussian and more seats for Belorussian in the government and in the Centr Bureau, Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Belorussian. Early February 1919 expelled from Belorussian Government and Centr Bureau, Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Belorussian as "nationalist” together with other Belorussian. In 1920’s worked on development of Belorussian press and publ houses.
In this connection 1929-1930 subjected to Party criticism for "nationalistic” activities and deprived of all his posts. Continued at Belorussian Academy of Sciences and tried to defend lit freedom but 1933 failed here also. 1936 arrested by State Security organs.