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Tu Jun-sheng
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Tu Jun-sheng was one of the key Party officials in central-south China during the early years of the PRC. A specialist in agrarian affairs, he was transferred to Peking where he held important posts in this field during the middle 1950’s. By the latter part of the 1950’s, however, he began to devote more of his time to the field of science administration, and in 1960 he became secretary-general of the Academy of Sciences.
Education
Tu, who studied at Peking Normal University, became a CCP member prior to the Communist conquest of the mainland in 1949.
Career
From March 1950 to May 1953 he was a vice-chairman of the Land Reform Committee, serving under Li Hsueh- feng, an important Party leader. From December 1951 to May 1953 he was also a member of the Political and Legal Affairs Committee, and in the fall of 1952 served briefly as a vicechairman of an ad hoc committee established to verify the claims made for farm output.
During his years in the central-south region Tu devoted much of his time to the important problem of land reform. He has been characterized in one study as a leading exponent of a “hard line” in pursuing the land reform goals. This judgment was made on the basis of key speeches made by Tu in November 1950, January 1951, and August 1951. Tu was transferred in the 1953-1954 period to Peking where he continued to specialize in agricultural affairs. He was appointed in October 1954 as a deputy director of the State CounciFs Seventh Staff Office, the organ charged with coordinating the work of the various government ministries and bureaus involved in agriculture and conservation matters. Within the next year Tu received two more appointments which drew upon his agricultural background. In December 1954 he was named as a representative of peasants to the Second National Committee of the CPPCC, a position he held until the Third Committee was formed in April 1959. More important, by September 1955 Tu was secretary-general of the Rural Work Department of the Party Central Committee, the key organ within the hierarchy that formulates basic agricultural decisions. Based on various speeches made by Tu in the mid-1950's, he appears to have been among those who favored a rapid collectivization of the farmlands. It is not certain when he relinquished this important post, but apparently it was by the late 1950's.
In the interim, Tu received two further posts in semi-official organizations of only moderate significance. In December 1954 he attended the Second National Conference of the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association (SSFA) as a representative of peasants, and at the close of the conference he became a member of the second national SSFA Council; he was re-elected to the third Council in May 1959 and continues in this position. He also served as a deputy secretary-general of the national committee formed in February 1955 to collect signatures in opposition to the use of atomic weapons.
In 1958 Tu became affiliated with the Academy of Sciences, and from that time has devoted the major portion of his time to this organization. By February 1958 he was a deputy secretary-general of the academy and by the same month was serving as a secretary of the Party organization within the academy. Then, when an academy vice-president died in 1960, Secretary-General P'ei Li-sheng moved up to a vice-presidency and Tu, in turn, became (by August 1960) the secretary-general, a post in which he continues. A former academy employee has stated that by the early 1960’s Tu was considered to be the Party man “who really runs things. This same person, not a Communist, spoke slightingly of Tu's knowledge of science. Tu, in fact, is seldom reported directly in connection with scientific affairs.
Achievements
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The year 1956 was a major turning point in the development of science in China. It was early in that year, for example, that the ambitious 12-year scientific development plan was announced, and it was about this same time that Tu began to switch his emphasis from agricultural to scientific matters. He participated from 1956 to 1958 in the State Council’s Scientific Planning Commission; from its formation in March 1956 to May 1957 he was a deputy secretary-general and thereafter to November 1958 he was a member. In November 1957 he served as a deputy secretary-general of the large scientific delegation led by Kuo Mo-jo to the USSR. Ostensibly this was one of several delegations in Moscow to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the Russian Revolution, but obviously the Chinese scientists and science administrators utilized the occasion to confer with their Soviet counterparts and to inspect Soviet facilities.
Politics
He must have had a fairly lengthy record within the Party, for by 1950 (and until 1954) he was the secretary-general of the CCP Central- South Bureau, a key post in a bureau responsible for six provinces embracing a huge population. Parallel to the Party Bureau was the Central-South Military and Administrative Committee (CSMAC), renamed the Central-South Administrative Committee in 1953. From 1950 to 1954, when the CSMAC-CSAC was abolished, Tu held several posts within the organization, positions which suggested an emphasis on agricultural affairs.
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Born
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Nationality
China -
Ethnicity
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Political Party
Chinese Communist Party
Career
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1950 - 1953
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1954
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1955
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1958