Background
Umar came to power at the death of his father in 1837. Umar did not match his father"s vitality and gradually allowed the kingdom to be ruled by advisers (wazirs).
Umar came to power at the death of his father in 1837. Umar did not match his father"s vitality and gradually allowed the kingdom to be ruled by advisers (wazirs).
The latter only reigned until 1854 when Umar reconquered his throne. Umar ruled as Shehu for a second time from September 1854 to 1880. Borno began to decline, as a result of administrative disorganization, regional particularism, and attacks by the militant Ouaddai Empire to the east.
The decline continued under Umar"s sons, and in 1894 Rabih az-Zubayr, leading an invading army from eastern Sudan, conquered Borno.
