One of leaders, “Southern Worker” group. Helped publish newspaper “Yuzhnyy rabochiy”. Late 1890’s joined Social-Democratic movement in Moscow.
1900 joined Southern Worker group in Smolensk. 1901-1903 worked in Odessa, Kiev and Khar’kov. Vehemently opposed merger of Southern Worker group with “Iskra” organisation.
Represented Southern Worker group in Organization(s) Committee for Convening 2nd Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party Congress. Southern Worker group deleg at 2nd Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party Congress, where he adopted a centrist stand. After Congress, sided with Mensheviks.
1904 coopted member, Central Committee, Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party. May 1905 at Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party (Mensheviks) Conference elected member, Organization(s) Commission /Mensheviks’ exec organ/. Worked in Southern Russia.
At 4th (Amalgamativc) Party Congress elected member, Central Committee, on behalf of Mensheviks. 1908 emigrated; 1912 in Berlin helped publish Menshevik journal “Russisches Bulletin”. After 1917 February Revol member, Menshevik faction, Petrograd Soviet.
Adopted defensist stand. Opposed October Revol and worked for various counterrevol organizations. Sentenced to death in trial of “Tactical Center”.
Sentence commuted to imprisonment for the duration of the Civil War. After amnesty, abandoned politics and worked for Soviet medical institutions. Arrested by State Security organs.