(Excerpt from Elementary Text-Book on Physics
The former ...)
Excerpt from Elementary Text-Book on Physics
The former describes natural objects, classifies them according to their resemblances, and, by the aid of Natural Philosophy, points out the laws of their pro duction and development. The latter is concerned with the laws which are exhibited in the mutual action Of bodies on each other.
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Roentgen rays and phenomena of the anode and cathode. Principles, applications and theories
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Lecture-Notes on the Theory of Electrical Measurements: Prepared for the Third-Year Classes of the Cooper Union Night-School of Science
(Edited by Albert Ball. This Elibron Classics book is a fa...)
Edited by Albert Ball. This Elibron Classics book is a facsimile reprint of a 1908 edition by John Wiley & sons ; Chapman & Hall, ltd., New York ; London.
William Arnold Anthon was an American engineer and physicist.
Background
William Arnold Anthon was born on November 17, 1835 in Coventry, Rhode Island, United States, the eldest of the four children of William H. Anthony, manufacturer of rope and twine, and a descendant of John Anthony, who emigrated to America in 1634 and settled in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. His mother was Hannah Arnold of Scituate, Rhode Island.
Many of his ancestors are known to have been Quakers.
Education
He received his final schooling in preparation for college at the Friends' School (later the Moses Brown School) in Providence.
After one year (1854-1855) at Brown University he transferred to Yale and was enrolled as a student during the following year. He was then appointed assistant in engineering at Yale and in 1860, probably because of some irregularity in registration, received the "honorary" degree of Ph. B.
Career
After a year each as principal of the public school of Crompton, Rhode Island, and teacher in the academy at East Greenwich, Rhode Island, he worked for a year in a machine shop in Lockport, New York.
In 1862 he became teacher of science in the Delaware Literary Institute at Franklin, New York. In 1867 he went to Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio, as professor of physics and chemistry and three years later was called to the Iowa State Agricultural College at Ames, Iowa.
In 1872 he became professor of physics at Cornell University and remained there until 1887, when he resigned his professorship to become electrical engineer of the Mather Electrical Company at Manchester, Connecticut When this company went out of business a few years later he opened an office as consulting electrical engineer, first at Vineland, New Jersey, in 1893, and then in New York City.
In 1894 he became professor of physics and electrical engineering at Cooper Union. During the absence of Professor Pupin, 1898-1899, he served also as lecturer in electrical engineering at Columbia. He continued at Cooper Union until his death, from heart disease, in 1908. Anthony was early recognized as an unusually successful teacher. His pupils in the Delaware Literary Institute spoke highly of his course in physics there. When he went to Cornell he at once established a course of experimental illustrated lectures--something which at that time was very unusual. So much interest was aroused that he later gave a series of experimental lectures for persons not connected with the university in one of the Ithaca public halls, charging admission and using the proceeds to purchase much needed apparatus. In the beginning the only space available for experimental work was under the ascending tiers of seats in his small lecture amphitheatre. But a few students were given the opportunity of getting experimental experience, and as soon as conditions permitted regular laboratory courses were offered. Here too Anthony was one of the first to use experimental work in undergraduate teaching.
In 1875, with the help of George S. Moler--then an undergraduate, later professor in the physics department--he built a dynamo of the type that had just been described by Gramme. This machine was exhibited at the Centennial Exhibition in 1876 and supplied current for Anthony's laboratory for many years. Beginning early in January 1879 it was used to operate two arc lights on the Cornell campus. This little lighting plant attracted much attention both in Ithaca and else-where, for it was not a temporary installation but was maintained in regular operation until replaced by improved equipment. Anthony took an active interest in the Electrical Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1884, and in the Electrical Congress that was held in connection with it. Impressed there with the need of better means of testing electrical devices he built and equipped at Cornell an electrical testing laboratory--usually called in Ithaca the "Copper House"--which made possible greatly increased accuracy in electric and magnetic measurements. To avoid magnetic disturbances it was built altogether without iron; even the nails used were of copper, and it was heated by a copper stove. For current measurement a galvanometer was built having coils two meters in diameter.
In 1883, at Anthony's suggestion, Cornell established a course in electrical engineering. This course and the similar one started a few months earlier at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology were the first in the United States. Anthony remained at Cornell only three years after the course in electrical engineering was started and the number of students was small. Yet a surprisingly large number of his students became prominent as physicists or electrical engineers.
Almost immediately after the organization of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers in 1884 Anthony became one of its very active members. He served twice as vice-president (1886-1889 and 1894-1896), and in 1890-1891 as president.
During the years 1887-1895 he published eight articles on engineering subjects in the Proceedings of the Institute and several in other electrical journals.