Background
William Barron Calhoun was born on December 29, 1795 in Boston, Massachusetts, United States; the eldest child of Martha (Chamberlain) and Andrew Calhoun, a Scotch merchant of Boston.
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William Barron Calhoun was born on December 29, 1795 in Boston, Massachusetts, United States; the eldest child of Martha (Chamberlain) and Andrew Calhoun, a Scotch merchant of Boston.
After a thorough preparation by William Wells of Harvard, he entered Yale College, where he graduated in 1814. Private study of law, carried on at Concord, New Hampshire, and at Springfield with George Bliss, prepared him for admission to the bar in 1818.
Calhoun began his practise at Springfield in 1822, but he was not particularly happy or successful. It has been truthfully said that he was "an erudite writer" but not "a great orator"; that he "was lacking in the qualities that shine in a court of law. " Bowles insisted that he needed "some pepper injected into his veins. " In truth, Calhoun was more interested in economic, social, and political affairs than in his personal fame or prosperity. Though early concerned with problems of public welfare, and honored by numerous offices, he appears to have attended to the former "with the spirit of a philosopher, " rather than with the usual self-interest of politicians, and to have made little or no effort to secure the latter. From 1825 to 1835, he was a member of the state legislature, serving as speaker of the House (1828 - 33) save for one year. In 1834, he was elected to Congress on the Whig ticket and served acceptably till 1843, declining further reelection because of tubercular and catarrhal trouble. Other offices followed, however, in rapid succession. He was presidential elector for Clay (1844), was elected state senator (1846)--in which position he served as presiding officer--and was secretary of the commonwealth from 1848 to 1851. From 1853 to 1855 he served as bank commissioner; in 1859, he was made mayor of Springfield; and, two years later, was again sent to the legislature.
As member of the legislature, he presented the report of the select committee on a "Seminary for the instruction of school teachers" (1827), as also the memorial of James G. Carter on the same subject. In reporting a bill to provide for such an institution he made a strong plea: "In what more suitable and rational way can the government interpose than in providing the means for furnishing the schools with competent instructors and in encouraging the establishment of seminaries, whose object shall be to teach the art of communicating knowledge?" Calhoun was chairman of the convention which founded the American Institute of Instruction in 1830, served as vice-president, and later, for many years, as president. From 1829 till his death he was a trustee of Amherst and, in 1850, was a lecturer there on political economy. In 1854 he edited the Connecticut Valley Farmer.
Among his writings which are scattered here and there, a patriotic Address Delivered in Springfield (1825), Addresses at the Dedication of the New Cabinet and Observatory of Amherst College (1848), an examination into the condition of banks in Massachusetts (1849), and the articles and editorials in the Springfield Republican are fair samples. They indicate not a brilliant writer but a careful, logical, exact one.
Calhoun died in Springfield, Massachusetts, November 8, 1865, he was interred in Springfield Cemetery.
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Calhoun was elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twenty-fourth Congress and as a Whig to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1843). Calhoun served as chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims (Twenty-sixth Congress). Calhoun was not a candidate for renomination in 1842.
Calhoun served as member of the Massachusetts Senate in 1846 and 1847, serving as its president. He served as Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 1848-1851 and State bank commissioner from 1853 to 1855. He served as mayor of Springfield, Massachusetts in 1859. He was again a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1861.
A religious steadfastness, dignified self-respect, and purity of mind marked both his public and private life.
Throughout his mature life he was an interested and effective promoter of public education.
He was married, on May 11, 1837, to Margaret Howard Kingsbury.