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William Julius Mann was born on May 29, 1819 in Stuttgart, Württemberg, and was the second son of Johann Georg Mann by his second wife, Auguste Friederike Gentner. His father, a merchant of good education and varied interests, was a founder and treasurer (1812 - 40) of the Württemberger Bibelgesellschaft and was city almoner (1845 - 58).
Mann attended the Lateinschule at Blaubeuren (1827 - 33), the Gymnasium Illustré of his native city (1833 - 37), and the University of Tübingen (1837 - 41). As a theological student he was more influenced by Christian Friedrich Schmidt, an offspring of the old supranaturalistic school of Tübingen, than by either C. F. Baur or D. F. Strauss.
After leaving the university Mann taught in a boys' school at Bunningheim, became assistant pastor there in February 1844, and in December of that year went to a similar position at Neuhausen, near Metzingen. Meanwhile, in March, Philip Schaff, whom Mann had first met in his gymnasial days, had gone to the United States and was soon urging his friend to join him at Mercersburg. Despite the sundering of family ties Mann was easily persuaded, for the thought of America had already fired his imagination. In 1843 he had written a children's story, Die Ansiedler in Amerika (Stuttgart, 1845), that indicates where his thoughts were wandering. He left Stuttgart August 16, 1845, and arrived at Mercersburg October 24. Having taught history and German at Mercersburg for a few months, he became assistant pastor in January 1846 of Salem German Reformed Church, Philadelphia, and was ordained May 17. He did not feel at home outside the Lutheran Church and was happy when in 1850, without solicitation on his part, he was called to St. Michael's and Zion's congregation as assistant to Charles Rudolph Demme. In 1854 he succeeded Demme as chief pastor of the congregation, the largest of its denomination in America. He ministered to it with untiring fidelity and during the 1860's superintended its division into several independent congregations, himself retaining the pastorship of Zion's. When the Philadelphia Lutheran Theological Seminary was founded in 1864, he was elected to the German professorship, a post for which he was eminently qualified; but his parishioners would not accept his resignation, and for twenty laborious years he filled both offices. He taught Hebrew, ethics, symbolics, homiletics, and New Testament exegesis, and was housefather of the Seminary (1872 - 84). He edited an edition of Luther's Small Catechism (1863) in collaboration with G. F. Krotel and Kohler's Familien-Bibel (1865), published Heilbotschaft (1881), a volume of sermons, and several popular works in history and biography. During the last twelve years of his life he devoted much of his time to the early history of the Lutheran Church in America, producing his admirable Life and Times of Henry Melchior Mühlenberg (1887) and, in collaboration with Beale Melancthton Schmucker, an annotated edition of the Hallesche Nachrichten. On October 28, 1891, he was prostrated by a heart attack and never recovered fully. He died the following June in a hotel in Boston and was buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia.
Mann was president of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania from 1860 to 1862 and again in 1880 and active in all its work. He was a prolific writer in both German and English. He was co-editor, with Schaff, of the Deutscher Kirchenfreund from 1848 to 1859 and contributed voluminously, on a large variety of subjects, to ten other church papers.
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Mann took a prominent but dignified part in the controversy that led to the founding of the General Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in North America, publishing A Plea for the Augsburg Confession in Answer to the Objections of the Definite Platform (1856) and Lutheranism in America (1857), but after its organization he took little active interest in it. On the vexed question of pulpit and altar fellowship, and on several other matters of importance, he was in sharp disagreement with Charles Porterfield Krauth and other leaders of the General Council.
To his seventy-third year, in spite of not a little illness, he kept the freshness and energy of a young man. Unfatigued by the heavy duties of his profession, he was in his hours of leisure a poet, an artist, and a musician, a student of history and the sciences, a close observer of politics, and a delightful companion. Krotel's comparison of him to the man in the parable to whom the five talents were entrusted was best appreciated by those who knew him most intimately.
In 1849 he married Margaretta Catherine, daughter of John Rommel of Philadelphia who with a son and three daughters survived him.
