https://www.amazon.com/REPRINT-strategy-evolution-philosophy-biologist/dp/B004IOFNZ6?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=B004IOFNZ6
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
https://www.amazon.com/Evolution-Vertebrates-Their-Kin/dp/136248511X?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=136248511X
William Patten was born on March 15, 1861 in Watertown, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. He was the youngest but one of the fourteen children of Thomas and Mary Low (Bradley) Patten. His father was a harnessmaker, in whose shop the son worked with little satisfaction to himself. He acquired however a keen interest in birds and aspired to become, like Audubon, an artist-naturalist.
Entering Lawrence Scientific School of Harvard University, William Patten paid his own way, in part by taxidermy and by illustrating scientific books. As a freshman he won the Walker prize of the Boston Society of Natural History by a paper, "Myology and Osteology of the Cat, " based on work done for the most part before he had entered college. Under Professor Edward L. Mark he studied zoology, specializing in insect embryology. He was also an enthusiastic disciple of the geologist Nathaniel S. Shaler. In 1883 Patten received the degree of B. S. and a Parker traveling fellowship. After a year with Professor Rudolf Leuckart at the University of Leipzig he received the degree of Ph. D. in 1884.
William Patten spent the next two years at the zoological stations at Trieste and at Naples, then returned to America and for three years was assistant to Dr. C. O. Whitman at the Allis Lake Laboratory at Milwaukee. He was professor of biology at the University of North Dakota for four years (1889 - 1893) before his appointment to the faculty of Dartmouth College, where for twenty-five years he taught comparative anatomy, embryology, and a course centering about organic evolution. He also organized (1920 - 1921) an orientation course for freshmen, called "Evolution, " of which he was director until his retirement in June 1931. Patten's earlier papers (1884 - 1889) on the embryology of caddice flies and of the limpet (Patella) were followed by others upon the eyes of molluscs and arthropods, illustrated by drawings since widely copied by textbook writers. From this earlier research he developed a theory of color vision. His paper "On the origin of Vertebrates from the Arachnids" (Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, August 1890) was followed by a series of brilliant studies (1893 - 1900) on the anatomy and embryology of the king-crab (Limulus), which with scorpions and other arachnids he regarded as closely related to a group of primitive fossil vertebrates (Ostracoderms) about which he published several papers (1902 - 1903).
William Patten elaborated the theory further in a book, The Evolution of the Vertebrates and their Kin (1912). In 1914 his attention was directed to social philosophy by the idea that harmonious cooperation is necessary for evolutionary progress; this became the theme of The Grand Strategy of Evolution; the Social Philosophy of a Biologist (1920). In search of fossil fishes (Ostracoderms), Patten spent seven summers between 1902 and 1914 in field work in northern New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Labrador. For scorpions and similar arachnids he traveled to Java, New Guinea, Australia, and Japan (1912), to Costa Rica and Cuba (1921). After reconnoitering for fossil fishes in Sweden, Norway, and Spitzbergen (1925), he made three expeditions to the Island of Oesel, Esthonia (1928, 1930, 1932), where he supervised the excavation of large collections of Ostracoderms.
Patten's native talent for drawing and plastic art gave distinction to all his illustrations. His research was always stimulated by his vigorous imagination and his vision of ideal links between great branches of the animal kingdom. Proceeding not by slow processes of induction toward a theory lightly held, he was animated by his theory and pursued it indefatigably. He was skilful at technique, and a keen observer of structural details. The need of harmonious cooperative action in nature and human affairs was to him not a tradition but a new discovery. William Patten died at seventy-one on October 27, 1932, the victim of coronary thrombosis.
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
William Patten was very sociable, an interesting comrade, fond of outdoor and indoor sports, vigorous, robust, and perennially young.
On June 28, 1883 William Patten married Mary Elizabeth Merrill of Bradford, Massachusetts. Their son was Bradley Merrill Patten.
