William Rede Hawthorne, aerospace and mechanical engineer, educator. Recipient Royal medal Royal Society, 1982, R. Tom Sawyer award American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. Fellow American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (honorary), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (honorary), Royal Society, Royal Academy Engineering; member National Academy of Engineering (foreign associate), National Academy of Sciences (foreign associate).
Background
Hawthorne was born in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, the son of a civil engineer from Belfast. In 1939 he married Barbara Runkle (d 1992, granddaughter of Massachusetts Institute of Technology"s second President John Daniel Runkle), and they had one son and two daughters.
Education
He was educated at Westminster School, London, then read mathematics and engineering at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating in 1934 with a double first. He spent two years as a graduate apprentice with Babcock & Wilcox Limited, then went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) in Cambridge, Master of Arts, where his research on laminar and turbulent flames earned him a Doctor of Science two years later.
Career
After Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he returned to Babcock & Wilcox. In 1940, he joined the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough. He was seconded from there to Power Jets Limited at Lutterworth, where he worked with Frank Whittle on combustion chamber development for the jet engine.
Building on his work on the mixing of fuel and air in flames at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he derived the mixture for fast combustion.
The chambers produced by his team were used in the first British jet aircraft. In 1941, he returned to Farnborough as head of the newly formed Gas Turbine Division and in 1944 he was sent for a time to Washington to work with the British Air Commission.
In 1945, he became Deputy Director of Engine Research in the British Ministry of Supply before returning to America a year later as an Associate Professor of Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was appointed George Westinghouse Professor of Mechanical Engineering there at the age of 35, and in 1951 returned to Cambridge, United Kingdom as the first Hopkinson and Imperial Chemical Industries Professor of Applied Thermodynamics (1951–1980). Hawthorne"s most outstanding work at Cambridge was in the understanding of loss mechanisms in turbomachinery, and during his time as Head of Department he and Professor John Horlock (later Vice-Chancellor of the Open University) established the Turbomachinery Laboratory.
The oil shortage following the Suez Crisis and Hawthorne"s interest in energy matters led to his invention and development of Dracone flexible barges for transporting oil, fresh water, or other liquids.
(The name Dracone is allegedly a reference to Frank Herbert"s Dragon in the Sea science fiction novel which featured this kind of tanker) Hawthorne was active on many committees and advisory bodies concerned with energy matters, in particular the Advisory Council on Energy Conservation, of which he was chairman from its inception in 1974. Hawthorne was elected to the fellowship of the Royal Society in 1955, and was knighted in 1970. He became Head of the Department of Engineering in Cambridge in 1968 and was appointed Master of Churchill College, Cambridge in the same year (1968–1983).
President of the Pentacle Club from 1970–1990, Hawthorne was well known for performing magic, and is remembered to this day by the kitchen staff at Churchill College as "the man who made cheese rolls come out from behind his ears".
Achievements
Membership
Board governors Westminster School, 1956-1976. Fellow American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (honorary), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (honorary), Royal Society, Royal Academy Engineering. Member National Academy of Engineering (foreign associate), National Academy of Sciences (foreign associate).