Background
Richardson was the son of Thomas Gaines and Sarah (née Perry) Richardson and the grandson of Richard and Sarah (née Gaines) Richardson and of Captain John and Elizabeth (née Leathers) Perry of Woodford county, Kentucky.
Richardson was the son of Thomas Gaines and Sarah (née Perry) Richardson and the grandson of Richard and Sarah (née Gaines) Richardson and of Captain John and Elizabeth (née Leathers) Perry of Woodford county, Kentucky.
He graduated from the University of Alabama with Bachelor of Arts (1844) and Master of Arts (1847) degrees after which he served as a tutor in ancient languages at the university. He received his Doctor of Philosophy from Hiram College. From 1854 to 1859 Gaines was professor of Latin and French at the University of Mississippi in Oxford and then at Oakland College from 1859-1862.
With the outbreak of the Civil War, Gaines enlisted as a private in the Lamar Rifles. He was wounded in action at the Battle of Gaines"s Mill. Afterwards Gaines Richardson became a paymaster in the Confederate States Navy, serving aboard the Computer Software Systems Selma (1856) and was subsequently taken prisoner following the Battle of Mobile Bay.
After the war Gaines Richardson was professor of ancient languages and French at Davidson College in Davidson, North Carolina.
Professor of Latin and French at Central University, Kentucky (1874-1878), and professor of languages at Austin College, Texas (1878-1881). From 1882-1884 he attended Princeton Theological Seminary and served as a pastor at Staunton, Tennessee (1884-1886).
Hiram College conferred an honorary Doctor of Philosophy in 1876.