Background
Yang Kuan was born in Qingpu County, Jiangsu Province (now Qingpu District of Shanghai) in 1914.
杨宽
Yang Kuan was born in Qingpu County, Jiangsu Province (now Qingpu District of Shanghai) in 1914.
He attended the prestigious Suzhou High School, whose teachers included famous scholars Lü Shuxiang and Ch'ien Mu, one of the greatest historians of modern China. After high school Yang attended Kwang Hua University in Shanghai − a predecessor of today's East China Normal University − and graduated in 1936 with a degree in Chinese. At Kwang Hua he also studied history under the prominent historian Lü Simian.
He is considered an authority of the Warring States period, and his History of the Warring States, first published in 1955, remains the most authoritative treatment of the subject. Yang Kuan gained fame at a young age. In 1933, aged 19, he published his first essay Probing the Legend of Pangu.
In 1941, Yang's book-size Introduction to China's High Antiquity was published as part of the seventh and last volume of the Debates on Ancient History. However, he disagreed with Gu Jiegang and Kang Youwei's view that ancient scholars such as Confucius and Liu Xin deliberately introduced falsehoods into historical texts, and held the opinion that it was a long process of natural evolution of ancient mythology. Gu later changed his position and accepted Yang's view.
Yang further differed from Gu in that he also believed that the extant history of the Xia Dynasty was pure mythology. In 1946 Yang Kuan was appointed curator of Shanghai Museum, a position he continued to hold after the Communist People's Republic of China replaced the Republic of China in 1949. In 1953 he joined the faculty of Shanghai's Fudan University as a history professor.
In 1960 he was made the deputy head of the history department of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, but returned to Fudan University in 1970. In 1984 Yang Kuan moved to the United States, settling in Miami, Florida. He continued to write in the US, and published an autobiography.
He died in Miami on September 1, 2005, aged 91.
Yang is generally considered a member of the , as he argued that the pre-Xia Dynasty history recorded in ancient texts was "historization" of prehistoric mythology, a position that is widely accepted by today's historians.
