Background
ARMAND, Yelizaveta was born on April 26, 1875 in Paris (of an English father and French mother).
Active in international Communist women's movement
ARMAND, Yelizaveta was born on April 26, 1875 in Paris (of an English father and French mother).
Educated at home; attended Brussels University.
Orphaned early in life, she was raised in Moscow, where her aunt was governess to the family of factory-owner Armand. 1893 married A.Yc. Armand, with whom she had been raised. Later set up school for children on her husband’s estate.
Also worked for anti-prostitution section of Moscow Social for Improving the Status of Women. 1904 joined Bolsheviks and worked for Moscow Bolshevik organisation. Several times arrested and exiled.
1909 emigrated; at first lived and studied in Brussels. 1910 moved to Paris, active as Presidium member, Paris Group for the Promotion of the Bolshevik Party. 1911 active at Party School established by Bolsheviks at Longjumeau near Paris.
1912 returned illegally to Russia and worked for Saint St. Petersburg Bolshevik organisation. 1912 arrested; 1913, after her release from prison, moved to Krakow. Worked for foreign branch of journal Rabotnitsa.
Attended International Women's Congress and International Youth Conference. 1915-1916 attended Zimmcrwald and Kienthal Conferences of Internationalists, assisting Lenin in translation of conference resolution and proceedings. After 1917 February Revol, together with Lenin and other Bolsheviks, returned to Russia via Germany and worked in Moscow.
After 1917 October Revol member, Moscow Province Party Committee. Member, Moscow Province Executive Committee, and chairman, Moscow Province Economic Council. 1918 represented Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Red Cross in visit to France.
1918-1920 head Women's Department, Central Committee, Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Active in 1st (1919) and 2nd (1920) Communist International Congresses. 1949 first publ of Lenin’s letters to her, written in late 1916 and 1917.
Religion is an instrument of the ruling classes to instill in the masses the religious conviction that their current suffering will lead to eventual happiness.
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union is the leading and guiding force of Soviet society, and the nucleus of its political system, of all state and public organizations.
Communist Party member from 1904.