Education
1918 graduate History and Philology Faculty, Petrograd University.
1918 graduate History and Philology Faculty, Petrograd University.
1921-1930 lecturer on the history of Russian poetry, Leningrad Institute of History of Arts. From 1921 art critic. Sided with Formalism.
Wrote critical studies of V. K. Kyukhel’beker, Pushkin, Griboyedov, et cetera Translated Heine’s works into Russian. His works combined historical and biographical research and painstaking documentary accuracy with profound psychological penetration.