Education
He studied philosophy and history at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague.
historian linguist translator writer poet
He studied philosophy and history at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague.
From 1953 to 1958, he taught the history of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia at the Faculty of Arts. From 1958 to 1968, he worked at the Prague Information Service, and later in 1968 he started working in a publishing house but left the very same year together with the whole editorial staff From 1968 to 1978 he worked in a second hand bookshop, until he signed the Charter 77 and was forced to leave.
From 1981 to 1989 he worked as a caretaker.
Since 1990 to 1995 he taught cultural anthropology at the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University.