(Includes Original Essays & Letters
"The more evolved and...)
Includes Original Essays & Letters
"The more evolved and psychologically healthy people get, the more will enlightened management policy be necessary in order to survive in competition and the more handicapped will be an enterprise with an authoritarian policy."-Abraham Maslow
In a world in which each new day brings a new management theory or strategic proposition, the timeless ideas of Abraham Maslow resonate with unimpeachable insight and clarity. Dr. Maslow, the pioneer behind elemental concepts including the hierarchy of needs and the human search for self-actualization, innately understood that the goals and passions that so impact humans in their everyday life could be just as applicable-and his own findings just as valuable-in the work environment.
The Maslow Business Reader collects Maslow's essays and letters for his many devoted adherents, and introduces his published and unpublished works to readers unfamiliar with Maslow's management breakthroughs. From recognizing and warning against management's natural progression to mechanize the human organization to brilliant discussions of human motivation, Dr. Maslow never fails to instantly recognize the heart and soul of each matter and provide direct, across-the-board solutions.
Abraham Maslow's contributions to behavioral science shine on every page. In notes and articles, as well as personal letters to icons B. F. Skinner, John D. Rockefeller II, and others, The Maslow Business Reader provides his outlook on:
* Management and leadership issues such as customer loyalty, entrepreneurship, and the importance of communication
* Ways to build a work environment conducive to creativity, innovation, and maximized individual contributions
* Techniques for finding comfort in change and ambiguity, and using them to spur creativity and innovation
Amid today's impressive technological innovations, business leaders sometimes forget that work is-at its core-a fundamental human endeavor. The Maslow Business Reader reminds us of Dr. Abraham Maslow's towering contribution to the understanding of human behavior and motivation, and how his efforts can lead to a greater understanding of the twenty-first-century workplace-and the workers who call it home.
An important analysis of workplace motivation-from the twentieth century's most influential behavioral expert
Abraham Maslow is renowned-and rightfully so-for his pioneering work on the hierarchy of needs and the human drive for self-actualization. As today's worker increasingly equates professional success with personal satisfaction and fulfillment, Dr. Maslow's words and ideas have become recognized for their wisdom and prescience on performance improvement and management/employee relationships.
The Maslow Business Reader collects Abraham Maslow's most instructive, intuitive thoughts and essays into one important volume. Assembled from the wealth of behavioral research and analysis Dr. Maslow left upon his death in 1970, the enclosed selections reveal a man comfortable with his position in history, tireless in his efforts to better understand what truly makes humans strive to reach their potential, and gifted in his ability to translate the most profound concepts and realities into entertaining, thought-provoking prose.
Abraham Maslow is still regarded as the modern world's most articulate, insightful authority on human behavior and motivation. Discover his beliefs and conclusions on worker drives and motivations-as applicable today as when they were first written-in The Maslow Business Reader.
(Please Read Notes: Brand New, International Softcover Edi...)
Please Read Notes: Brand New, International Softcover Edition, Printed in black and white pages, minor self wear on the cover or pages, Sale restriction may be printed on the book, but Book name, contents, and author are exactly same as Hardcover Edition. Fast delivery through DHL/FedEx express.
The Journals of A. H. Maslow - Two Volumes (The A. H. Maslow Series)
(These are the journals of Abraham Harold Maslow (1908 - 1...)
These are the journals of Abraham Harold Maslow (1908 - 1970), who during the last several decades of his life was among the most eminent of American psychologists. Although he had an approach to psychology uniquely his own, the value of these journals is by no means limited to those who are aficionados of this approach. The value of these journals is that they offer an almost unparalleled glimpse into the innermost workings of an extraordinary man.
Maslow began keeping his journals in 1959 at the age of 51. During the remaining 11 years of his life he was able to fill his journals with several thousand pages of handwritten notes, records, and reflections. The content of these pages is reproduced here virtually unaltered.
There are occasional overlaps in chronology of the various journals, because Maslow sometimes kept more than one journal at the same time. Journal 13, his "medical journal" is not included, but much of the material from it appears as an Appendix in journal 11, where it fits chronologically and where it first appeared before Maslow transposed it to journal 13.
The indexes that appear at the end of each journal are his own indexes. They differ from the original in that they have been alphabetized and the page numbers altered to fit the page numbers of this publication.
(This book is a continuation of my Motivation and Personal...)
This book is a continuation of my Motivation and Personality, published in 1954. It was constructed in about the same way, that is, by doing one piece at a time of the larger theoretical structure. It is a predecessor to work yet to be done toward the construction of a comprehensive, systematic and empirically based general psychology and philosophy which includes both the depths and the heights of human nature. The last chapter is to some extent a program for this future work, and serves as a bridge to it. It is a first attempt to integrate the "health-and-growth psychology" with psychopathology and psychoanalytic dynamics, the dynamic with the holistic, Becoming with Being, good with evil, positive with negative. Phrased in another way, it is an effort to build on the general psychoanalytic base and on the scientific-positivistic base of experimental psychology, the Eupsychian, B-psychological and metamotivational superstructure which these two systems lack, going beyond their limits. It is very difficult, I have found, to communicate to others my simultaneous respect for and impatience with these two comprehensive psychologies. So many people insist on being either pro-Freudian or anti-Freudian, pro-scientific-psychology or anti-scientific-psychology, etc. In my opinion all such loyalty-positions are silly. Our job is to integrate these various truths into the whole truth, which should be our only loyalty.
Abraham Harold Maslow was an American psychologist.
Background
Abraham Maslow was born on April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. He was the son of Samuel Maslow, a Russian-born cooper, and Rose Schlosky. While a student at Brooklyn Borough High School he was editor of its Latin and physics magazines, and for the latter wrote an article predicting atom-powered submarines.
Education
He enrolled in the College of the City of New York, but transferred to the University of Wisconsin, where he received his B. A. in 1930. Maslow received his M. A. from the University of Wisconsin in 1931, and his Ph. D. in 1934.
Career
He was an assistant instructor the University of Wisconsin from 1930 to 1935. From 1935 to 1937 he was the Carnegie Fellow at Columbia Teachers College. He became an instructor in psychology at Brooklyn College in 1937. When he left in 1951 to head the psychology department at Brandeis University, he was an associate professor. He remained at Brandeis until 1961. He died on June 8, 1970 in Menlo Park, California.
Under the influence of Harry Harlow at Wisconsin, his first research interests were in the field of animal psychology, notably the emotion of disgust in dogs, delayed reactions of the lemur and the orangutan, food preferences of primates, and the role of dominance in the social and sexual behavior of infrahuman primates. His interests moved steadily away from behavioristic animal experiments toward intuitive studies of human potential. His article "Dominance-Feeling, Personality, and Social Behavior in Women" (1939) applied his interest in primate dominance to humans. He concluded that highly dominant women, regardless of their sex drives, are more likely to be sexually active and to experiment sexually than are less dominant women. In 1941, with Bela Mittelman, he published the textbook Principles of Abnormal Psychology, wherein he stated that his final shift to a humanistic view occurred as he cried while watching a parade soon after Pearl Harbor: "Since that moment in 1941 I've devoted myself to developing a theory of human nature that could be tested by experiment and research. " In his most important work, Motivation and Personality (1954), Maslow did not repudiate classical psychology; rather, he attempted to enlarge upon its conception of personality by stressing man's higher nature. In contrast to "the analytic-dissecting-atomistic-Newtonian approach" of behaviorism and Freudian psychoanalysis, it emphasized the holistic character of human nature. It defined and explained "the need hierarchy, " "self-actualization, " and "peak experiences, " phrases that have become part of the vocabulary of psychologists. Maslow asserted that the genetic blueprint of humans includes a hierarchy of "instinctoid" needs: physiological, safety, belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization. The first four of these Maslow called D (deficit) needs. Once the physiological needs are satisfied, the safety needs take over. When these are satisfied, the belonging needs become dominant, and then, in turn, the need for self-esteem. Once the D needs are met, the B (becoming) needs come into play. These ideas stimulated research in business organizations. The resultant studies showed that the typical job is unlikely to satisfy the higher needs, executives are motivated by these needs more than workers, and conferences dominated by these needs are more task-oriented and productive. In Maslow's view, "self-actualized" people are those whose lives are dominated by the desire for B-need satisfaction. Maslow came to believe that only people over fifty years of age can achieve full self-actualization. In an effort to describe the common qualities of the self-actualized, he studied contemporary and historical figures, among them Albert Einstein, Thomas Jefferson, Eleanor Roosevelt, William James, and Aldous Huxley. The qualities he identified were deep interpersonal interests, a feeling of kinship with all people, a strong need for privacy and solitude, independence, integrity, naturalness, humor, and a high level of creativity. Maslow then tried to measure differences in degrees of self-actualization. Maslow believed that the self-actualized are also "peakers"; that is, they have intense experiences in which there is a loss of self or a transcendence of it. He thought that most people probably have mild experiences of this type and some may have them almost daily. In Religions, Values, and Peak-Experiences (1964) and The Farther Reaches of Human Nature (1971), Maslow argued that the study of peak experiences, which occur in both religious and nonreligious forms, provides a way of closing the unproductive gap between religion and science. Maslow viewed humans as exercising a high degree of conscious control over their lives and as having a high resistance to pressures from the environment. He viewed personality development as the process of breaking the chains binding an individual to the animal world and building a more human world. Many of his wide circle of admiring friends considered his views of human nature too optimistic. He wrote about his own utopia, called Eupsychia, whose inhabitants were permissive, wish-respecting, and wish-gratifying whenever possible. Under such conditions, he believed the deepest layers of human nature could show themselves with ease. Maslow was a global theorist who tested his ideas imprecisely and non-quantitatively. He believed that his theories could never be tested in an animal laboratory or test tube but that they required "a life situation of the total human being in his social environment. "
Quotations:
"One can choose to go back toward safety or forward toward growth. Growth must be chosen again and again; fear must be overcome again and again. "
"A musician must make music, an artist must paint, an poet must write, if he is to be ultimately at peace with himself. What a man can be, he must be. This weed we call self-actualization…. It refers to man’s desire for self-fulfillment, namely to the tendency for him to become actually in what he is potentially: to become everything one is capable of becoming. "
"If you plan on being anything less than you are capable of being, you will probably be unhappy all the days of your life. "
"When people appear to be something other than good and decent, it is only because they are reacting to stress, pain, or the deprivation of basic human needs such as security, love, and self-esteem. "
"A person who makes full use of and exploits his talents, potentialities, and capacities. Such a person seems to be fulfilling himself and doing the best he is capable of doing. The self-actualized person must find in his life those qualities that make his living rich and rewarding. He must find meaningfulness, self-sufficiency, effortlessness, playfulness, richness, simplicity, completion, necessity, perfection, individuality, beauty, and truth. "
"I can feel guilty about the past, Apprehensive about the future, but only in the present can I act. The ability to be in the present moment is a major component of mental wellness. "
"A positive self image and healthy self esteem is based on approval, acceptance and recognition from others; but also upon actual accomplishments, achievements and success upon the realistic self confidence which ensues. "
"Let people realize clearly that every time they threaten someone or humiliate or unnecessarily hurt or dominate or reject another human being, they become forces for the creation of psychopathology, even if these be small forces. Let them recognize that every person who is kind, helpful, decent, psychologically democratic, affectionate, and warm, is a psychotheraputic force, even though a small one. "
"We can consider the process of healthy growth to be a never ending series of free choice situations, confronting each individual at every point throughout his life, in which he must choose between the delights of safety and growth, dependence and independence, regression and progression, immaturity and maturity. "
"Education is learning to grow, learning what to grow toward, learning what is good and bad, learning what is desirable and undesirable, learning what to choose and what not to choose. "
"What kind of guilt comes from being true to yourself but not to others?. As we have seen, being true to yourself may at times intrinsically and necessarily be in conflict with being true to others. "
"What is necessary to change a person is to change his awareness of himself. "
"Self-actualizing people are those who have come to a high level of maturation, health and self-fulfillment. .. the values that self-actualizers appreciate include truth, creativity, beauty, goodness, wholeness, aliveness, uniqueness, justice, simplicity, and self-sufficiency. "
"Only the flexibly creative person can really manage the future, Only the one who can face novelty with confidence and without fear. "
"There are no perfect human beings! Persons can be found who are good, very good indeed, in fact, great. There do in fact exist creators, seers, sages, saints, shakers, and movers. .. even if they are uncommon and do not come by the dozen. And yet these very same people can at times be boring, irritating, petulant, selfish, angry, or depressed. To avoid disillusionment with human nature, we must first give up our illusions about it. "
"The most beautiful fate, the most wonderful good fortune that can happen to any human being, is to be paid for doing that which he passionately loves to do. "
"Life is an ongoing process of choosing between safety (out of fear and need for defense) and risk (for the sake of progress and growth). Make the growth choice a dozen times a day. "
Connections
He married Bertha Goodman, an artist, on December 31, 1928. They had two children.