Career
There were many protests in the scientific community in France against this political appointment because he has not received a Phd. Which is the rule in the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers since its creation during the French Revolution. Afterwards, he became one of the advisors on national security to the Prime Minister Michel Rocard from 1988-1990.
He has worked as a criminologist at the Sorbonne University, at the National Police Academy, at the National Justice Academy, at the National Gendarmerie Academy and Senior Research Fellow at John Jay College of Criminal Justice.
He has been elected Professor of Criminology at the National Conservatory for Arts and Crafts under government proposal (Conservatoire national des arts et métiers) in Paris in 2010. In 2006 and 2007, he has been appointed at the French Commission on police data control and of the French Working Group on Policing.
He also worked as an advisor to the New York City Police Department, the LASD and the Sûreté du Québec (Canada). He was appointed in August 2007 by the French President Nicolas Sarkozy to reorganize the French system on studies and research on security and strategy, focusing on the creation of a National Security Council.
