Background
Theodor Billroth was born on the 26th of April 1829 at Bergen auf Rügen, Pomerania, Kingdom of Prussia (now Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany); his family being of Swedish origin.
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"Zu den naiven Fragen, welche gelegentlich an die Universitätsprofessoren gestellt werden, gehört auch die: Ist die Ausbildung der Schüler auf den Realschulen ausreichend als Vorbildung für das medizinische Studium, oder ist sie nicht gar besser als die Ausbildung auf den Gymnasien?" Kein Professor der Medizin kann diese Frage aus der Erfahrung beantworten, weil nur das Maturitätsexamen an einem Gymnasium zur Immatrikulation an einer medizinischen Fakultät berechtigt und somit jeder Vergleich ausgeschlossen ist. An meinem Buche Ueber Lehren und Lernen der medicinischen Wissenschaften" habe ich mehrere Jahre gearbeitet; es steht noch heute einzig in seiner Art da, und als ich es vor einigen Tagen wieder einmal durchblätterte, fand ich, dass in den elf Jahren, welche seit seinem Erscheinen verflossen sind, kaum neue Gedanken über die Materie aufgetaucht sind." Dieses Buch über Aphorismen zum "Lehren und Lernen der medizinischen Wissenschaften" ist ein unveränderter Nachdruck der Originalausgabe der zweiten Auflage von 1886.
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Theodor Billroth was born on the 26th of April 1829 at Bergen auf Rügen, Pomerania, Kingdom of Prussia (now Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany); his family being of Swedish origin.
He studied at the universities of Greifswald, Gottingen and Berlin, and after taking his doctor's degree at the last in 1852, started on an educational tour, in the course of which he visited the medical schools of Vienna, Prague, Paris, Edinburgh and London.
From 1853 to 1860 Billroth acted as assistant to B. R. K. Langenbeck in Berlin, and then accepted the professorship of surgery at Zurich. In 1867 he was invited to fill the same position at Vienna, and in that city the remainder of his professional life was spent. In 1887 he received the distinction, rarely bestowed on members of his profession, of a seat in the Austrian Herrnhaus. He died at Abbazia, on the Adriatic, where he had a beautiful villa, on the 6th of February 1894.
Billroth was especially interested in military surgery, and during the Franco-German War volunteered to serve in the hospitals of Mannheim and Weissenburg. His efforts did much to improve the arrangements for the transport and treatment of the wounded in war, and in a famous speech on the War Budget in 1891, he eloquently urged the necessity for an improved ambulance system, pointing out that the use of smokeless powder and the greater precision of the arms of modern warfare must tend to increase the number of men wounded, and that therefore more efficient means must be provided for removing them from the battlefield.
Possessing a clear and graceful style, he was the author of numerous papers and books on medical subjects; his Allgemeine chirurgische Pathologie und Therapie (1863) ran through many editions, and was translated into many languages.
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Quotations: "It is one of the superficialities of our time to see in science and in art two opposites. Imagination is the mother of both. "
In 1887 he was made a member of the Austrian Chamber of Toers.
Billroth was one of the most distinguished surgeons of his day. His boldness as an operator was only equalled by his skill and resourcefulness; no accident or emergency could disturb his coolness and presence of mind, and his ability to invent or carry out any new procedure that might be demanded in the particular case with which he was dealing, gained for him the appellation of "surgeon of great initiatives. " At the same time he was full of consideration for the comfort and well-being of his patient, and never forgot that he had before him a human being to be relieved, not a mere "case" for the display of technical dexterity.
He was of an exceedingly artistic disposition, and in particular was devoted to music. A good performer on the pianoforte and violin, he was an intimate friend and admirer of Brahms, many of whose compositions were privately performed at his house before they were published. His work on the physiology of music (Wer ist musikalisch?) was published after his death.