Background
Born in 1868 in Nancy, to a Jewish family of the middle bourgeoisie, long established in Lorraine, Spire studied literature, then law.
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1919
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Born in 1868 in Nancy, to a Jewish family of the middle bourgeoisie, long established in Lorraine, Spire studied literature, then law.
He attended the École libre des sciences politiques, now called the Paris Institute of Political Studies (Institut d'études politiques), or Sciences-Po, and later, in 1894, was appointed to the Conseil d'État on successfully passing the competitive entrance examination. A few months later, the Dreyfus Affair broke when a Jewish military officer was wrongly accused of treason, revealing how widespread antisemetism was at the time in France. Spire provoked a duel with a columnist from the Libre Parole (a nationalist and anti-semitic newspaper run by Edouard Drumont) for alleging that the Jews appointed to the Conseil d'Etat won their positions not on merit but through illicit influence. Spire was wounded in the arm.
He became an auditor in the Council of State in 1894 and inspector-general at the Ministry of Agriculture from 1902 to 1925.
Originally an assimilationist, Spire was deeply shocked by the Dreyfus affair. He fought a duel with Edouard-Adolphe Drumont, a fierce anti-Semite, and became a supporter of self-defense organizations against pogroms in Russia. In 1911, he attended the Zionist Congress of Basel, and declared “Zionism is a symbol of life. Shame on those who deny their identity."
During World War I Spire helped to mobilize pro-Zionists in France and in 1919 represented the French Zionists at the Paris Peace Conference. He supported the stand of Chaim Weizmann against Sylvain Lévy, president or the Alliance Israélite Universelle, who opposed the Zionist Movement. He founded the League of the Friends of Zionism and edited its journal. During World War II Spire escaped to the United States and gave his support to the Hebrew National Liberation Movement of Hillel Kook.
In 1919 Spire published Les Poèmes juifs and never ceased critizing assimilation and hoping for a Jewish cultural renaissance. His essavs Quelques Juifs et demi-Juifs, appeared in 1928. In his poetry as in his Jewish thought, Spire passionately defended freedom. His love for justice made him inflexible at times, and this contrasted with his natural deep tolerance.
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In 1911, he attended the Zionist Congress of Basel, and declared “Zionism is a symbol of life. Shame on those who deny their identity."
During World War I Spire helped to mobilize pro-Zionists in France and in 1919 represented the French Zionists at the Paris Peace Conference. He supported the stand of Chaim Weizmann against Sylvain Lévy, president or the Alliance Israélite Universelle, who opposed the Zionist Movement. He founded the League of the Friends of Zionism and edited its journal.