Background
Tousard was born on March 12, 1749 in Paris, the son of Gen. Charles Germain de Tousard, Knight of Malta, and his wife, Antoinette de Poitevin de la Croix.
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
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https://www.amazon.com/Tousard-lieutenant-colonel-r%C3%A9giment-Convention-Nationale/dp/1173298193?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1173298193
(This historic book may have numerous typos and missing te...)
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1809. Excerpt: ... any of a quarter of an inch deep, or of any considerable length, the gun is rejected. The reliever is an iron ring fixed to a handle by means of a socket, so as to be at right angles; it serves to disengage the first searcher when any of its points are retained in a hole and cannot otherwise be got out. CHAPTER XXI. OF GUNPOWDER. Gunpowder is the result of an exact mixture of well refined saltpetre, sulphur and very light charcoal, which, by the smallest spark of fire, inflames instantaneously. The proportion of these ingredients, their purification, trituration and mixture, more or less exact, constitute the strength and goodness of this powerful agent. Its explosion has so prodigious a force that it is capable of throwing to a great distance very heavy bodies; of producing, when employed with skill, artificial volcano's, as in the effect of mines, and of overthrowing by these means the walls of towns, &c. To gunpowder then are to be attributed all the effects of the modern artillery, so that the military art and fortifications depend entirely on it. A roost curious instrument for finding the principal defects in pieces of artillery has been invented by Lieut. Gen. DESAGUHERS-pf the royal regiment of artillery. This instrument grounded on the truest mechanical principles is no sooner introduced into the bore of the gun, than it discovers its defects, and more particularly that of the piece not being truly bored, which is a very important one, and to which most of the disasters happening to pieces of artillery are in a great measure to be imputed; for when a gun is not properly bored, the most expert artillerist will not be able to make a good shot. (CA. James.) The writer from whom this is transcribed does not give the description of this curious instru...
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( The 18th century was a wealth of knowledge, exploration...)
The 18th century was a wealth of knowledge, exploration and rapidly growing technology and expanding record-keeping made possible by advances in the printing press. In its determination to preserve the century of revolution, Gale initiated a revolution of its own: digitization of epic proportions to preserve these invaluable works in the largest archive of its kind. Now for the first time these high-quality digital copies of original 18th century manuscripts are available in print, making them highly accessible to libraries, undergraduate students, and independent scholars. Delve into what it was like to live during the eighteenth century by reading the first-hand accounts of everyday people, including city dwellers and farmers, businessmen and bankers, artisans and merchants, artists and their patrons, politicians and their constituents. Original texts make the American, French, and Industrial revolutions vividly contemporary. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification: ++++ British Library W006879 "Decree of the National Convention, February the 4th, 1793, the second year of the French Republick .."--p. 32-33. Philadelphia : Printed by Daniel Humphreys. No. 48, Spruce-Street, M.DCC.XCIII. 1793 33,1p. ; 8°
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Tousard was born on March 12, 1749 in Paris, the son of Gen. Charles Germain de Tousard, Knight of Malta, and his wife, Antoinette de Poitevin de la Croix.
He graduated from the Artillery School at Strasbourg.
He was commissioned in 1769 a second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery Corps.
After the outbreak of the American Revolution, upon the recommendation of Benjamin Franklin, Silas Deane, American commissioner to France, promised the young officer the grade of captain if he would serve in the American army. Tousard, accordingly, joined the Du Coudray expedition, which arrived at Portsmouth, N. H. , on January 25, 1777, but Congress refused to confirm the rank promised by Deane. Tousard later joined Lafayette as aide, serving in the ill-fated Canadian campaign, and in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown.
In an engagement in Rhode Island on August 28, 1778, he captured a field piece from the English, sustaining a severe wound in his right arm, which was amputated at his request in order that he might the more speedily return to duty. Congress brevetted him a lieutenant-colonel for his gallantry and voted him a life pension of thirty dollars a month (October 27, 1778).
On April 5, 1780, was commissioned major in the Provincial Regiment of Toul. In July of 1784 he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the Regiment du Cap and went to Santo Domingo, where he served brilliantly against the negro uprising.
When the civil commissioners who had been sent to Santo Domingo by the National Convention of France clashed with Colonel Cambefort of the Regiment du Cap and ordered his arrest, Tousard, on October 19, 1792, announced that his regiment would not permit the deportation of its colonel. He was thereupon accused of counter-revolutionary principles, of correspondence with revolted slaves, and of resistance to orders, and with Cambefort was arrested and shipped to the "bloody prisons of l'Abbaye" in France, where the two remained until they were released on February 4, 1793, through the intercession of the American minister. Tousard then joined his wife and children in the United States, whither they had gone for safety.
Reinstated in the United States Army in February 1795, he was commissioned major of the 2nd Artillery, and became its colonel five years later. During the intervening period he planned and superintended the building of fortifications at Fort Mifflin, Pa. , at West Point, N. Y. , and at Newport, R. I.
He was promoted, December 1, 1800, to inspector of artillery, and the following year moved to West Point where he remodeled the garrison as a military school. In 1802 he went back to Santo Domingo and served under the ill-fated General Leclerc, but returned to France the same year and retired to Soissons on a pension of 2000 francs granted him by the Emperor.
In 1805 he was sent back to America as subcommissary and chancellor of commercial relations at New Orleans, and was later moved to Philadelphia as vice-consul. In 1809 he was transferred to Baltimore to protect Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte, wife of Jerome Bonaparte, and her son, and in 1811 he was ordered to New Orleans as consul ad interim. He occupied this position until July 1816, when he was relieved by Petry and returned to France.
While he was in prison in 1793 Tousard wrote a pamphlet in his own defense, Tousard, Lieutenant-Colonel du Régiment du Cap, . .. la Convention Nationale (1793), which was translated into English, and appeared in Philadelphia under the title, Justification of Lewis Tousard Addressed to the National Convention of France (1793). His only other literary venture was the American Artillerist's Companion begun in 1795 at the instigation of General Washington, in two volumes (1809 - 13), with an added volume of plates executed with his left hand.
He died in Paris.
Louis de Tousard was a French artillerist who served in the American Continental Army under La Fayette, and later was given a US commission. Tousard wrote two very influential books: one was a proposal for a school for officers that became the blueprint for West Point, and the other was a manual for artillery officers that became standard in the young army. He was made a Chevalier of St. Louis and awarded the cross of that order, July 3, 1779.
( The 18th century was a wealth of knowledge, exploration...)
(This historic book may have numerous typos and missing te...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
In January 1784, he was made a member of the Society of the Cincinnati.
In Santo Domingo he married, in January 1788, Maria Francisca Regina (Joubert) St. Martin, widow of a rich planter. His wife died at Wilmington, Del. , in July 1794, and the next year he married Anna Maria Geddes.
