Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, was generalissimus of the Army of Russia, and the husband of Anna Leopoldovna, who reigned as regent of Russia for one year.
Background
Anthony Ulrich was the second son of Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Princess Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. His mother"s sister, Elizabeth, wife of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, arranged for his marriage to HSH Duchess Elisabeth of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (known as "Anna Leopoldovna"), daughter of Charles Leopold, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and granddaughter of Tsar Ivan V. And he was taken to Russia in 1733, so that he and Anna could get to know each other.
Career
The marriage took place in 1739. This marriage was intended to strengthen the relationships between the houses of Romanov and Habsburg. Initially, Ernst Biron was regent, but when rumors surfaced that Biron planned on exiling Anthony and Anna to Germany, they staged a coup and Anna was named regent.
Not long after, treacherous coup in 1741 removed the family from power.
They remained so for the rest of their lives. The years of imprisonment were hard, and the family was periodically denied many necessary things.
Virtually all communication with the outside world, with the exception of a few servants, was banned. The governor of Arkhangelsk regularly visited them to enquire about their health.
He lost his eyesight before he died.
He was buried very discreetly, and the soldiers were forbidden to reveal the place of his burial, but his coffin was decorated with silver. They were taken to Novodvinsk fortress the night of 27 June 1780 and left Russia on 30 June. They settled in Jutland, where they lived in under a comfortable house arrest in Horsens for the rest of their lives, under the guardianship of Juliana and at the expense of Catherine.
Having lived as prisoners, they were not used to social life, and kept a small "court" of 40/50 people, all Danish except for the priest.
The pension granted them by Catherine was paid until the last of them died in 1807. Anthony Ulrich and Anna Leopoldovna had the following children:
Ivan VI (1740–1764) (reigning Emperor 1740-1741)
Catherine Antonovna of Brunswick (1741–1807) (released to house arrest in Horsens in Denmark in 1780)
Elizabeth Antonovna of Brunswick (1743–1782) (released to house arrest in Horsens in Denmark in 1780)
Peter Antonovich of Brunswick (1745–1798) (released to house arrest in Horsens in Denmark in 1780)
Alexei Antonovich of Brunswick (1746–1787) (released to house arrest in Horsens in Denmark in 1780).