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(Excerpt from the Foreword: This book is the title of the ...)
Excerpt from the Foreword: This book is the title of the two-volume compilation of Apolinario Mabini's writings by Teodoro M. Kalaw. Known as the Brains of the Revolution, Mabini was called the man with the "golden head." "Iyan po ay may ulong ginto," according to Filipino diplomat and plenipotentiary Felipe Agoncillo when he introduced Mabini to General Emilio Aguinaldo... Mabini's "La Revolucion Filipina" was first printed in 1925 and reprinted by the National Library in a two-volume compilation of Mabini's collected essays edited by Teodoro M. Kalaw in 1941. The National Historical Institute hopes that with this translation from the original Spanish more Filipinos can read and know Mabini and his times better as these provide relevant insights into today's challenges.
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( El presente texto es una misiva dirigida a los Estados ...)
El presente texto es una misiva dirigida a los Estados Unidos en la que se reflexiona sobre las relaciones entre Filipinas y el naciente imperio americano.
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(Sa pagca¿t talastas co na ang pagbabang?on ay isa lamang ...)
Sa pagca¿t talastas co na ang pagbabang?on ay isa lamang paghahalili ¿ pagiiba caya ay quinus¿ cong yao¿y siyang maguing dahil nang iyong ganap na pagbabagong buhay at pagbabalat cay¿.
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educator lawyer philosopher politican
Apolinario Mabini was born in Talaga, Tanauan, Batangas, on July 23, 1864. His parents belonged to the impoverished peasantry. He was the second of eight children of Dionisia Maranan, a vendor in the Tanauan market, and Inocencio Mabini, an unlettered peasant.
He studied at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran in 1881 and at the University of Santo Thomas, where he received the law degree in 1894. During this time he earned his living by teaching Latin.
He served as copyist in the Court of First Instance in Manila.
In 1896 Mabini contracted an illness, probably infantile paralysis, that deprived him of the use of his legs. When the Katipunan revolt broke out late that year, the Spanish authorities arrested him. Unknown to many, Mabini was already a member of José Rizal's reformist association, the Liga Filipina. And though as a pacifist reformist, he was at first skeptical of Andres Bonifacio's armed uprising, Mabini later became convinced of the people's almost fanatical desire for emancipation. Subsequently, he turned out subversive manifestos appealing to all Filipinos to unite against Spain.
In May 1898 Emilio Aguinaldo summoned Mabini to act as his adviser. Mabini formulated the famous decree of June 18, which reorganized the local government under Filipino control.
When the revolutionary congress was convoked in Barasoain, Malolos, Bulacan, on Sept. 15, 1898, Mabini found himself opposed to the plans of the wealthy bourgeoisie to draft a constitution.
Mabini's conflict with the conspiracy of property owners and the landlord class in the congress led to his eclipse in 1899 as Aguinaldo's trusted adviser—the only competent thinker and theoretician in the Aguinaldo Cabinet. Mabini succeeded in exposing the vicious opportunism of the Paterno-Buencamino clique, who were trying to gain control over, and to profit from, the financial transactions of the revolutionary government. When the Aguinaldo camp fled from the advancing American forces, Mabini was captured on Dec. 10, 1899. Still refusing to swear an oath of allegiance to the U. S. government and continuing to support the insurgents in their ideological struggle, he was deported to Guam in 1901.
He died on May 13, 1903.
Apolinario Mabini formulated the principles of a democratic popular government, endowing the historical struggles of the Filipino people with a coherent ideological orientation.
Two sites related to Mabini have been chosen to host shrines in his honor: The house where Mabini died is now located in the campus of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) in Santa Mesa, Manila, having been moved twice. The simple nipa retains the original furniture, and some of the books he wrote, and also contains souvenir items, while hosting the municipal library and reading facilities. Mabini was buried in his town of birth - what is now Talaga, Tanauan City, Batangas. An interactive museum containing historical artifacts, his personal properties, books he wrote, and it also provides historical information about him, the Philippines during his time, and some of his town's historical background was constructed, and was recently renovated and improved, on this site. It also sells books about him and souvenir items. A replica of the house Mabini was born in was also constructed on the site.
Four Philippine municipalities are named after Mabini: Mabini, Batangas; Mabini, Bohol; Mabini, Compostela Valley, andMabini, Pangasinanю
The Mabini Academy is a school in Lipa City, Batangas named after Mabini. The school logo carries Mabini's Image.
Southern Tagalog Arterial Road or Apolinario Mabini Superhighway is an expressway that connect the province of Batangas to the SLEX.
Apolinario Mabini Bridge, formerly known as Nagtahan Bridge in the City of Manila, was renamed in his honor.
Mabini reef, also referred to as Johnson South Reef, is a reef claimed by the Philippines in the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea. It is currently controlled by the People's Republic of China (PRC). In addition to the Philippines and China, its ownership is also disputed by Brunei, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Vietnam.
The Philippine Navy's Jacinto class corvette, BRP Apolinario Mabini (PS-36), is also named after Mabini.
Mabini's face adorns the Philippine Ten peso coin, along with that of Andrés Bonifacio.
It was also featured on the ten peso bill that circulated or printed starting with the Pilipino Series in 1972 and continued until the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas stopped printing these notes (New Design series version) in 2002. From 1972-1997, he was the only one to portray on the front of the banknote until it added Andres Bonifacio that were printed from 1997-2002.
The Philippine government presents the annual Apolinario Mabini Awards to outstanding persons with disabilities.
(Sa pagca¿t talastas co na ang pagbabang?on ay isa lamang ...)
( El presente texto es una misiva dirigida a los Estados ...)
(Excerpt from the Foreword: This book is the title of the ...)
His policy throughout the struggle can be epitomized by a statement in that decree: "The first duty of the government is to interpret the popular will faithfully. "Mabini was also instrumental in supervising the proper administration of justice, the election of delegates to the revolutionary congress, and the establishment of the mechanism of the revolutionary government itself.
He believed that, given the emergency conditions of war, the function of the congress was simply to advise the president and not to draft a constitution. Defeated by the majority, Mabini then submitted his own constitutional plan, based on the Statutes of Universal Masonry. It was rejected in favor of a composite draft submitted by Felipe G. Calderon, which became the basis of the Malolos Constitution of the first Philippine Republic.
Mabini's chief work, La Revolution Filipina, a reasoned analysis and cogent argument concerning the ideological implications of the revolution against Spain and the resistance to the American invaders, reveals the progressive and democratic impulse behind his thinking. He always tried to mediate between the people's will and the decisions of their leaders. He was a selfless and dedicated patriot.
Quotations:
"Woe to the Revolution when the day comes, when the people, overburdened by contributions and consumed by abuses, turn to their enemies for salvation!"
“. .. it belongs to no party, nor does it desire to form one; it stands for nothing save the interest of the fatherland. ”
On Emilio Aguinaldo and his cabinet members:
“The Revolution failed because it was badly directed, because its leader won his post not with praiseworthy but with blameworthy acts, because instead of employing the most useful men of the nation he jealously discarded them. Believing that the advance of the people was no more than his own personal advance, he did not rate men according to their ability, character and patriotism but according to the degree of friendship or kinship binding him to them; and wanting to have favorites willing to sacrifice themselves for him, he showed himself lenient to their faults. Because he disdained the people, he could not but fall like an idol of wax melting in the heat of adversity. May we never forget such a terrible lesson learned at the cost of unspeakable sufferings!"
Quotes from others about the person
By former Military Governor of the Philippines, Gen. Arthur MacArthur, describing Mabini before the US Senate's Lodge Committee of 1902:
“Mabini is a highly educated young man who, unfortunately, is paralyzed. He has a classical education, a very flexible, imaginative mind, and Mabini's views were more comprehensive than any of the Filipinos that I have met. His idea was a dream of a Malay confederacy. Not the Luzon or the Philippine Archipelago, but I mean of that blood. He is a dreamy man, but a very firm character and of very high accomplishments. As said, unfortunately, he is paralyzed. He is a young man, and would undoubtedly be of great use in the future of those islands if it were not for his affliction. ”
By President Benigno Aquino III, reacting to Philippine students' apparent lack of familiarity with Mabini in 2015, when Mabini was portrayed in the film Heneral Luna:
“We cannot question the depth and breadth of the contribution to our country of the man we call the ‘Sublime Paralytic’ and the ‘Brains of the Revolution. ’ He represented the intelligence and convictions of the Filipino people. His sharp mind was his weapon to strengthen the foundation of our democratic institution. "
