Background
Arthur Young, second son of the Rev. Arthur Young, rector of Bradfield, in Suffolk, chaplain to Speaker Onslow, was born on the 11th of September 1741.
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Arthur Young, second son of the Rev. Arthur Young, rector of Bradfield, in Suffolk, chaplain to Speaker Onslow, was born on the 11th of September 1741.
The son of a rector, Young was initially employed in a mercantile house at King’s Lynn, Norfolk, but showed no taste for commerce. When he was only 17 years old he published the pamphlet On the War in North America, and in 1761 he went to London to start a periodical, The Universal Museum. He also wrote four novels during this period.
After his father’s death in 1759, his mother gave him the direction of the family estate, but the property was small and encumbered with debt. In 1767 he undertook on his own account the management of a farm in Essex. He engaged in various experiments and embodied the results in A Course of Experimental Agriculture (1770). Though Young’s early farming experiments were, in general, unsuccessful, he thus acquired a solid knowledge of agriculture. He had already begun a series of journeys through England and Wales and gave an account of his observations in several books that appeared from 1768 to 1770, including A Six Weeks Tour Through the Southern Counties of England and Wales. He said that these books contained the only extant information relative to the agricultural rentals, produce, and livestock of England that was founded on actual examination. The books were favourably received, being translated into most European languages by 1792.
He published in 1768 The Farmer’s Letters to the People of England, in 1771 The Farmer’s Calendar, which went through a great number of editions, and in 1774 his Political Arithmetic, which was widely translated. He made tours of Ireland from 1776 to 1778, publishing his A Tour in Ireland in 1780. In 1784 he began the publication of the Annals of Agriculture, which was continued for 45 volumes; this periodical had many contributors, among whom was George III, writing under the nom de plume of “Ralph Robinson. ”
Young’s first visit to France was made in 1787. Traversing that country in every direction just before and during the first movements of the Revolution, he gave valuable accounts of the condition of the people and the conduct of public affairs at that critical juncture. The Travels in France appeared in two volumes in 1792. On his return home he was appointed secretary of the British government’s newly created Board of Agriculture, where he gave valuable assistance in the collection and preparation of agricultural surveys of the English counties. His last years were spent in reclusion and were characterized by melancholy and growing religious fervour.
Though not a particularly successful farmer himself, Young was an important propagandist for the progressive agricultural practices of his time. He advocated such innovations as the seed drill, improved crop rotations, and the use of marl as fertilizer. He advocated the enclosure of open fields and the settlement of the indigent on newly enclosed waste agricultural lands. His many books on agriculture were highly influential in their day.
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(Travels in France & Italy during the years 1787, 1788 and...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
After the French Revolution of 1789, his views on its politics carried weight as an informed observer, and he became an important opponent of British reformers.
Young is considered a major English writer on agriculture; but it is as a social and political observer that he is best known, and for his Tour in Ireland (1780) and Travels in France (1792).
Not himself successful as a farmer, he built on connections and activities as a publicist a substantial reputation as an expert on agricultural improvement.
In 1765 Young married Martha Allen (died 1815), sister-in-law of Charles Burney.
Their acute marital strife and Young's devotion to his children were witnessed by Fanny Burney and her half-sister Sarah during a visit in 1792.
He grieved deeply when his daughter Martha Ann died of consumption on 14 July 1797 at the age of 14, and the loss is said to have turned his mind to religion.