Ferdinand August Bebel was a German socialist politician, writer, and orator. He is best remembered as one of the founders of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP) in 1869, which in 1875 merged with the General German Workers' Association into the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD).
Background
Ferdinand August Bebel, known to all by his middle name, was born on 22 February 1840, in Deutz, Germany, now a part of Cologne. He was the son of a Prussian noncommissioned officer in the Prussian infantry, initially from Ostrowo in the Province of Posen, and was born in military barracks.
Education
He was apprenticed to a master turner of Wetzlar at the age of 14. Having completed his apprenticeship in 1858, he proceeded to travel about Germany as a journeyman before settling in Leipzig in 1860.
Career
In Leipzig he became interested in socialism and, in 1864, met his lifelong colleague, Wilhelm Liebknecht. Bebel and Liebknecht organized the Saxon People's Party and, in the same year, Bebel was elected deputy to the Reichstag for the 17th division of Saxony, which he represented until 1877, when he was elected for the city of Dresden. At a congress held in Eisenach in 1869, Bebel was largely responsible for the formation of the Social Democratic Party. This group, so far as German law permitted, supported the International Working Men's Association, which under the influence of Karl Marx had been established in London. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, both Bebel and Liebknecht refused to vote for the ratification of a loan to further the war. Later they denounced the annexation by Prussia of Alsace and Lorraine and the aid given to the French National Assembly in subduing the Paris Commune. In 1872, as a result of their opposition to German policy, the two men were sentenced to two years in prison for treason; at the same time, Bebel was sentenced to nine months' imprisonment and expulsion from the Reichstag by the Leipzig District Council for having attacked William I of Prussia. However, the people elected him to the Reichstag despite this ban, and were not influenced by a further term of imprisonment. In 1875, Bebel was responsible for the union of the German socialist parties, which was vehemently attacked by Marx. In 1878 he again came into conflict with Bismarck, who had proposed a bill which would end socialism in Germany, and in 1886 Bebel served another prison sentence. In 1890 he lived in Berlin and edited the Social Democrat periodical Vorwärts. Among the books written by Bebel, largely while in prison, are Der deutsche-Bauernkrieg (1876) and Die Frau and der Sozialismus (1893). While opposed to war as a means of aggrandizement, Bebel recognized the necessity of defensive fighting. Shortly before his death he made statements in opposition to the German policy of Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz. He died at Passugg, Graubünden, Graubunden, Switzerland, on August 14, 1913.
Politics
Bebel was convinced of the correctness of Marxist theory and resolutely fought revisionism. In addition, in parliamentary and party work, he constantly drew attention to the advancement of social reforms. The main works of Bebel "Our Goals" (1870) and "Woman and Socialism" (1878) were printed in large editions.
Views
Quotations:
"Anti-Semitism is the socialism of fools"