(I kresponse to the demand for aS horter Latin Grammar bas...)
I kresponse to the demand for aS horter Latin Grammar based on the Gildersleeve-L odge work of 1894 the following manual has been prepared. Historical detail and grammatical exposition intended for advanced students mainly have been discarded, and the phraseology has been simplified wherever it seemed possible without a sacrifice of scientific exactness. Still greater abridgment might have been more in accordance with methods that are in vogue just now; but a grammar that shall serve the average student throughout his course in school or college cannot be reduced to a skeleton, and we have not been able to gain our own consent to save space by limiting the illustrative examples to lean and meaningless sentences, holding as we do that the pupil ought to have something more to remember than a mere group of words. Much attention has been paid to the typography, and by retaining the old section-numbers (as has been done except in the list of verbs, 137-165) the parallel use of the larger and the smaller grammars has been facilitated. In conclusion, we desire to express our obligations toD r. W. Gordon McC abe, Headmaster of the University School, Richmond, Va., who has read the book in proof-sheets and has given us the advantage of his scholarly criticisms ;and toM r. Charles W. Bain, Headmaster of theS ewanee Grammar School in the University of theS outh, who has also read all the proof-sheets and given material assistance in adapting the book to the wants of younger students. By these criticisms and others that have reached us we have endeavored to profit, and it is hoped that a wider sphere of usefulness awaits this result of our joint labors. Basil L. Gildersleeve. Gonzalez Lodge. Baltimore and Brtn Mawr, June 1, 1898.
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Syntax of Classical Greek From Homer to Demosthenes ... (V.1) 1900-1911
(Originally published in 1900-1911. This volume from the C...)
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A Latin Reader: With References to the Editor's Latin Grammar, Notes, and Vocabulary (Classic Reprint) (Latin Edition)
(Excerpt from A Latin Reader: With References To The Edito...)
Excerpt from A Latin Reader: With References To The Editor's Latin Grammar, Notes, And Vocabulary
The Fifth Part is made up of the Fifth Book of Caesar's Gallio War with a Syntactical Commentary, originally intended to serve as a drill book in Latin Syntax. Instead of mere references to the Grammar, the rules themselves are given in as brief compass as practicable, and a system of annotation has been devised, to secure, if possible, a thorough mastery of the principles involved. The following method of working this por tion of the book is suggested. After the reading of the lesson assigned, the pugni is to shut the book and repeat the rule in response to the cita tion of the passage by the teacher. When the rule has been given in a previous lesson, and is simply referred to, the teacher may ask for the rule before the close of the reading, and if it be thought expedient, attention may be stimulated by requiring, in case of failure, the writing out of the rule and the citations.
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Gildersleeve Basil Lanneau was a philologist, university professor, author, editor. He wrote Latin Grammar, Latin Series, “Educational Essays” and “Literary and Historical Studies” etc.
Background
Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve was born on October 23, 1831, in Charleston, South Carolina. On his father’s side he was of English stock. The first known representative of the name in America was Richard Gildersleeve who was born in 1601 in County Suffolk, England, and arrived, c. 1635, in Massachusetts Bay.
Benjamin Gildersleeve, Basil's father, taught for three years in Mount Zion Academy, Georgia. On August 13, 1828, he married Emma Louisa Lanneau, daughter of Bazile Lanneau who, with his mother, had been brought to Charleston from his Acadian birthplace when the British in 1775 deported the French inhabitants of Nova Scotia.
Lanneau, left an orphan at ten, made his own career and won the esteem of his adopted city. He took part with the patriot army in the Revolution, was for years a member of the state legislature; and was one of the founders of the French Protestant church in Charleston.
Thus on both sides Gildersleeve inherited energy and independence of character.
Education
The first fourteen years of Basil's life in which, as he states, “all that came after lay implicit, ” included an education conformed to no rules of pedagogy and innocent of modern psychology with its “self-expression” as a prior lien in place of duty.
Until about thirteen, he had no school training except the daily tasks under his strenuous father. The boy was no mere passive recipient. At four he could read and he celebrated his fifth birthday by completing the Bible “from cover to cover. ” The field of letters was now before him and he browsed widely. As Shakespeare, by his father’s creed, was immoral, he read him outside the house and, as occasion permitted, smuggled in the new Waverley novels.
He was also making versions, in prose and verse respectively, of portions of Plato and the Anacreontics. Even in the years of his mature teaching he habitually wrote out in advance accurate translations in prose and verse and he recommended to advanced students the making of careful metrical versions of the Greek poets in order to realize the artistry of the original text.
Incidentally, it may be noted, one of Gildersleeve’s lifelong diversions was the writing of verse on subjects serious or humorous. At the age of fourteen, he had one year of conventional training under an able drill-master arid entered the College of Charleston. In 1845, however, while still a freshman, he transferred his activity to his father’s editorial office in Virginia, acquiring technical knowledge which later proved invaluable.
After one year at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, he was sent to Princeton and was graduated, in 1849, before he was eighteen.
Owing to his precocity in Latin and Greek, college tasks seemed light and he devoted his leisure to reading English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish literature. But, fundamentally conscientious as boy and man, he graduated with high honor even in the higher mathematics, fortunately required of all comers, and received his visé as “a young gentleman well qualified to conduct the classical studies and, indeed, any of the studies of youth preparing for college. ”
The following year, he was classical master in the foremost school in Richmond and, incidentally, perfected his own mastery in writing Greek and Latin. Perhaps at this period he formed the habit of translating into Greek, sentence by sentence as uttered, the sermons of which he was an otherwise reluctant auditor.
Already in college, Gildersleeve, through Carlyle, had been introduced to Goethe, “the most important of all the teachers I ever had, ” as he calls him. Goethe’s magnetic influence was added to the lure, then undisputed, of German university training. In the summer of 1850 Gildersleeve sailed for Bremen and spent three years in Europe, chiefly in study at the Universities of Berlin, Bonn, and Gottingen.
To his great teachers, from Bockh to Ritschl, and to Germany in general he acknowledges his indebtedness, in no uncertain terms, “for everything professionally in the way of apparatus and of method, and for much, very much, in the way of inspiration”.
After only five semesters of intensive study in German universities, he received his degree of Ph. D. at Gottingen in 1853. The title of his doctor’s thesis was, De Porphyrii Studiis Homericis Capitum Trias (1853).
Career
During the next three years at home, Basil continued his philological studies, wrote articles, and, inter alia, nearly completed a novel.
He also “tasted the salt bread of a tutorship in a private family. ” To this latter experience, he adverted later when reading with his seminar Lucian’s Hireling Professors, the pungent tractate that had aroused a fellow feeling in Erasmus and many another scholar.
In 1856, he was appointed professor of Greek at the University of Virginia, and, during the lean years from 1861 to 1866, he was also professor of Latin.
Thus, just before his twenty- fifth birthday, began his career as university professor which continued without interruption, except for his service in the Confederate army, until his retirement from active teaching in Baltimore in 1915.
The Civil War came and Gildersleeve, enlisting in the cavalry in 1861, spent his summer “vacations” in the army. In 1864, he joined the stafif of Gen. Gordon and was put hors de combat for five months by a severe wound. His bodily wound healed but the devastating memories of the war remained.
The earlier years at the University of Virginia, externally devoted to inspiring generations of students, were also years of intensive occupation with the original texts, unhampered by the latest ephemeral commentaries often, indeed, inaccessible in the South of the sixties, and Gildersleeve refrained from premature publication.
Later, however, the natural urge for self-expression, stimulated by financial pressure, called forth essays of permanent value and much editorial writing. The first books that he published were in the field of Latin.
In 1867, he issued the first edition of his Latin Grammar. The fresh and vigorous presentation of facts in this grammar, with the vivid translation of Latin examples, constitutes a liberal education in Latin and English.
The Gildersleeve Latin Series was completed in 1875 by the addition of a Latin Primer, Latin Reader, and Latin Exercise-Book, and, in the same year, the publication of his annotated edition of the satires of Persius was again a reminiscence of his collateral professorship of Latin.
When the Johns Hopkins University opened in 1876, Gildersleeve was one of the small band of creative scholars who accepted the task of developing a great school of graduate work and research.
He was University Professor of Greek from 1876 to 1915.
In 1880, Gildersleeve founded the American Journal of Philology and edited it for forty years, with Prof. Miller as assistant editor after October 1915.
He died in Baltimore, Maryland.
Achievements
Gildersleeve was the founder of the American Journal of Philology and edited it for forty years. Catholic in its content, the Journal is a monument to the range as well as the depth of Gildersleeve’s knowledge. It became a clearinghouse for American scholars. His personality pervaded the pages of the Journal. His verdict was one to be reckoned with.
He was the recipient of many honorary degrees and an honorary member of the Cambridge (England) Philological Society; the Archaeological Society of Athens; the Philological Syllogos of Constantinople; the Society for the Promotion of Plellenic Studies. To him was accorded the almost unique honor of a second election to the presidency of the American Philological Association.
He was president in 1878 and praeses iterum in 1909. His two presidential addresses envisage the range and character of philological activity in America through half a century.
Gildersleeve House, one of the undergraduate dormitories at Johns Hopkins, and Gildersleeve Portal, of Brown Residential College at the University of Virginia, are both named in his honor.
Quotations:
“If one day it shall be said of me that I was not slothful in business, fervent in spirit, let nature be credited with the fervor ; the diligence is due to the early domination of a creed which itself is dominated by the ‘stern, daughter of the voice of God. ’”
“The man whose love for his country knows no local root, is a man whose love for his country is a poor abstraction. ”
Membership
Basil was a corresponding fellow of the British Academy; a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters; the American Philological Association; the Archaeological Institute of America; and the Managing Committee of the American School for Classical Studies in Athens.
Personality
Admirers of what was most vital in Gildersleeve’s personality would lay greatest stress on his native endowment and on his familiar participation, begun in boyhood, in the great thought of great literatures, English and foreign, modern and ancient.
Gildersleeve’s mental vigor, it may be noted, reappeared in their son’s originality as a student in mathematics. Their daughter continued the Graeco-Roman tradition by marrying Gardner M. Lane, son of George M. Lane, professor of Latin at Harvard, a student contemporary at Gottingen of Gildersleeve and his intellectual congener in brilliant wit and classical scholarship.
Inseparable, in fact, from his invincible scholarship was his imposing physical personality. His tall and well-proportioned figure was the normal support for his Olympian head with the dominating eyes, humorous or devastating as the occasion demanded.
Adequately to represent Gildersleeve’s human traits of character and the brilliant facets of his scholarship would require space enough to make citation from many sympathetic characterizations by associates and friends - by Professors Miller, Scott, Shorey, and others - and especially from Théodore Reinach’s intimate appraisal. Gildersleeve himself in his autobiography, “Formative Influences”, speaks frankly of the narrowing isolation of his earlier life as compared with its enrichment in subsequent years.
It is, perhaps, due to this factor that the parallax of his selfconsciousness must be reckoned with in so many of his later deliverances, grave or gay. In closing his autobiographical sketch, he gives this self-diagnosis.
Connections
After the war, in 1866, Basil married Eliza Fisher Colston of Virginia, the gracious hostess who presided over his household until his death.
